Mycobacterial Etiology of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Association with HIV Infection and Multidrug Resistance in Northern Nigeria
Table 1
Demographic characteristics and risk factors for infection with species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex among participants receiving care at two TB treatment sites in northern Nigeria.
Characteristics
MTB complex isolated
No mycobacteria isolated
NTM and other bacteria isolated
-values (Chi-square test)
%
%
%
Age in years
35
262
69.9
488
54.0
160
49.2
0.001
35
113
30.1
415
46.0
165
50.8
Gender
Male
249
66.4
475
52.6
177
54.5
0.001
Female
126
33.6
428
47.4
148
45.5
Body mass index
19.2
249
66.4
457
50.6
166
51.1
0.001
19.2
126
33.6
446
49.4
159
48.1
Education
8th grade
213
56.8
561
62.1
207
63.7
0.120
8th grade
162
43.0
342
37.9
118
36.3
Ethnicity
Hausa-Fulani
298
79.5
723
80.1
246
75.7
0.245
Other
77
20.5
180
19.9
79
24.3
HIV infection
Yes
101
26.9
185
20.5
92
28.3
0.004
No
274
73.1
718
79.5
233
71.7
Livestock faming
Yes
86
22.9
256
28.3
95
29.2
0.095
No
289
77.1
647
71.7
230
70.8
Milk livestock
Yes
24
6.4
76
8.4
29
8.9
0.391
No
351
93.6
827
91.6
296
91.1
Consume raw milk
Yes
327
87.2
809
89.6
284
87.4
0.354
No
48
12.8
94
10.4
41
12.6
Smoke cigarette
Yes
105
28.0
152
16.8
60
18.5
0.001
No
270
72.0
751
83.2
265
81.5
Consume alcohol
Yes
65
17.4
101
11.2
45
13.9
0.011
No
310
82.6
802
88.8
280
86.1
History of diabetes mellitus
Yes
17
4.6
41
4.5
13
4.0
0.918
No
358
95.4
862
95.5
312
96.0
Site
NTBLTC Zaria
315
84.0
803
88.9
273
84.0
0.019
BDH Kaduna
60
16.0
100
11.1
52
16.0
NTM: nontuberculous mycobacterium. NTBLTC: National TB and Leprosy Training Centre; BDH: Barau Dikko Hospital.
