Chest Radiography and Xpert MTB/RIF® Testing in Persons with Presumptive Pulmonary TB: Gaps and Challenges from a District in Karnataka, India
Table 2
Factors associated with undergoing chest radiography in presumptive pulmonary TB persons enrolled for sputum smear examination in seven selected designated microscopy centers in Chikkaballapur District during February-March 2019.
Characteristics
N
n
(%)
RR
(95% CI)
Adj RR
(95% CI)
value
Total
732
301
(41.1)
Designated microscopy center
District hospital
243
53
(21.8)
Reference
Reference
Taluka hospital 1
249
222
(89.2)
4.08
(3.20-5.20)
2.29
(1.01-5.22)
0.047
Taluka hospital 2
125
9
(7.2)
0.33
(0.16-0.64)
0.33
(0.10-1.04)
0.059
Primary health center 1
32
3
(9.4)
0.42
(0.14-1.29)
0.39
(0.12-1.28)
0.122
Primary health center 2
33
0
(0.0)
NE
Primary health center 3
17
0
(0.0)
NE
Primary health center 4
33
14
(42.4)
1.94
(1.22-3.09)
1.13
(0.46-2.81)
0.776
Age (in years)
<25
82
39
(47.6)
0.84
(0.64-1.10)
0.94
(0.64-1.39)
0.775
25 to 34
138
78
(56.5)
Reference
Reference
35 to 44
106
35
(33.0)
0.58
(0.42-0.79)
0.81
(0.53-1.19)
0.281
45 to 54
108
42
(38.9)
0.68
(0.52-0.90)
1.08
(0.74-1.59)
0.664
55 to 64
129
47
(36.4)
0.64
(0.49-0.84)
0.89
(0.61-1.29)
0.558
> 64
146
54
(37.0)
0.65
(0.50-0.84)
0.94
(0.66-1.34)
0.761
Not recorded
23
6
(26.1)
0.46
(0.22-0.93)
0.95
(0.40-2.25)
0.919
Gender
Male
455
195
(42.9)
Reference
Reference
Female
276
105
(38.0)
0.88
(0.73-1.06)
0.92
(0.72-1.18)
0.559
Transgender
1
1
(100.0)
NA
Place of residence
Urban
535
257
(48.0)
2.15
(1.63-2.83)
NE
Rural
197
44
(22.3)
Reference
Reference
Predominant symptom
Cough
272
55
(20.2)
Reference
Reference
Cough+fever
259
225
(86.9)
4.29
(3.37-5.46)
1.91
(0.85-4.30)
0.116
Hemoptysis
1
1
(100.0)
4.94
(3.90-6.26)
4.97
(0.67-36.7)
0.115
Not recorded
200
20
(10.0)
0.49
(0.30-0.79)
0.99
(0.39-2.51)
0.985
Sputum examination results
Negative
675
272
(40.3)
Reference
Reference
Positive
57
29
(50.9)
1.26
(0.96-1.65)
1.34
(0.91-2.00)
0.135
NA = not applicable (as outcome predicts exposure perfectly); NE = not estimated due to collinearity with designated microscopy center; RR = relative risk; Adj RR = adjusted relative risk; Reference = strata of data considered as reference population for calculation.
