N-Acetyl Cysteine as an Adjunct in the Treatment of Tuberculosis

Figure 1

Activator and repressor arms in the antioxidant pathway. Schematic representation indicates the location and translocation of relevant genes involved in the activator arm (Nrf2/small Mafs/Xpo1) and repressor arm (Bach1/small Mafs/Keap1) in the antioxidant pathway as well as the transcriptional regulation of antioxidant enzymes (NQO1/HO1) against oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; Keap1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; Bach1: BTB and CNC homology 1; Xpo1: exportin 1; ARE: antioxidant-responsive element; GST: glutathione S-transferase; NQO1: NAD (P) H dehydrogenase quinone 1; HO1: heme oxygenase 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species [81].