The Human Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori and Its Association with Gastric Cancer and Ulcer Disease

Figure 3

H. pylori transmission routes. Exact transmission routes are still not known. Person-to-person transmission by either the gastro-oral or fecal-oral route is most likely. Several studies indicate transmission via water, pets and food, but the majority of the data support the hypothesis that infection primarily occurs during childhood via close contact to family members especially from mother to child.