Research Article
In-Hospital Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding following Cardiac Surgery: Patient Characteristics, Endoscopic Lesions and Prognosis
Table 1
Patient characteristics.
| | | No mortality,
| Mortality,
| values |
| | Age | | | | | Gender (male) | 71.7% (63.0%–80.4%) | 60.0% (39.4%–80.6%) | | | Parsonnet score | 24.0% (21.1%–26.8%) | 27.6% (21.4%–33.7%) | | | Documented history of: | | | | | Liver failure | 1.9% (0.0%–4.5%) | 0.0% | | | Chronic renal failure | 13.3% (6.7%–19.9%) | 36.0% (15.8%–56.2%) | | | Heart failure | 13.2% (6.7%–19.8%) | 32.0% (12.3%–51.7%) | | | Ischemic heart disease | 76.4% (68.2%–84.6%) | 68.0% (48.3%–87.7%) | | | Other heart disease | 16.0% (8.9%–23.1%) | 12.0% (0.0%–25.7%) | | | Asthma | 5.6% (1.2%–10.1%) | 12.0% (0.0%–25.7%) | | | COPD | 9.4% (3.8%–15.1%) | 20.0% (3.2%–36.9%) | | | Diabetes mellitus | 26.4% (17.9%–35.0%) | 28.0% (9.1%–46.9%) | | | Major recent operation | 0.9% (0.0%–2.8%) | 0.0% (0.0%-0.0%) | | | Major sepsis | 0.0% | 0.0% | | | Disseminated malignancy | 0.0% | 0.0% | | | Other solid malignancy | 8.5% (3.1%–13.9%) | 0.0% (0.0%-0.0%) | | | Hematological malignancy | 1.0% (0.0%–2.8%) | 0.0% (0.0%-0.0%) | | | Dementia | 0.0% | 0.0% | | | CVA/TIA | 10.4% (4.5%–16.3%) | 16.0% (0.6%–31.4%) | | | Hypertension | 67.9% (58.9%–77.0%) | 72.0% (53.1%–90.9%) | | | Trauma | 1.9% (0.0%–4.5%) | 4.0% (0.0%–12.3%) | | | Symptoms on presentation: | | | | | Melena | 59.2% (49.6%–68.9%) | 60.0% (39.4%–80.6%) | | | Coffee ground emesis | 25.0% (16.5%–33.5%) | 68.0% (9.1%–46.9%) | | | Hematochezia | 13.5% (6.8%–20.1%) | 12.0% (0.00%–25.7%) | | | Hematemesis | 11.5% (5.3%–17.8%) | 12.0% (0.00%–25.7%) | | | Initial hemodynamic instability | 45.8% (35.7%–56.0%) | 52.2% (30.1%–74.3%) | | | Medication during hospitalization: | | | | | PPI | 10.9% (4.7%–17.1%) | 13.0% (0.0%–27.9%) | | | H2RA | 29.7% (20.6%–38.8%) | 13.0% (0.0%–27.9%) | | | Steroids | 15.1% (8.2%–22.0%) | 28.0% (9.1%–46.9%) | | | Aprotinin | 0.0% | 0.0% | | | ASA | 88.6% (82.4%–94.8%) | 88.0% (74.3%–100.0%) | | | Heparin | 95.3% (91.2%–99.4%) | 96.0% (87.7%–100.0%) | | | Coumadin | 45.3% (35.7%–54.9%) | 60.0% (39.4%–80.6%) | | | Clopidogrel | 22.6% (14.5%–30.7%) | 24.0% (6.0%–42.0%) | | | LMWH | 6.6% (1.8%–11.4%) | 8.0% (0.0%–19.4%) | | | NSAIDS | 42.5% (32.9%–52.0%) | 40.0% (19.4%–60.6%) | | | Steroids | 15.1% (8.2%–22.0%) | 28.0% (9.1%–46.9%) | |
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