Economic Development Perspective and City Leadership
Table 4
Economic development perspective and city socioeconomic status.
Nontraditional
Equation 1
Equation 2
Equation 3
Equation 4
Traditional
Quality of life
Regional
Planning
Appointed X SES
**
β.273
.070
β.089
β.163
Elected X SES
β2.73e-6***
β.639
.173
β.037
β.352
Appointed
0.96***
.327
β0.54
β.145
β1.15**
β.237
1.33*
.196
(.32)
(0.40)
(0.55)
(0.73)
Elected
0.93***
.334
β0.22
β.064
β1.33**
β.285
1.89***
.292
(.30)
(0.38)
(0.52)
(0.69)
SES
*
.537
.066
.074
*
.514
Median Family Income
*
.007
.045
β.123
.015
%College
β0.05
β.180
0.03
.092
β0.05
β.106
0.09
.145
(0.04)
(0.05)
(0.06)
(0.09)
%Unemployment (Inv.)
β0.27
β.026
0.40
.030
1.86
.106
β1.10
β.044
(1.01)
(1.27)
(1.72)
(2.33)
Metro
0.44**
.150
β0.02
β.005
0.03
.005
β0.39
β.055
(0.22)
(0.28)
(0.39)
(0.52)
Council-Manager
β0.01
β.001
0.16
.027
β0.15
β.020
0.08
.007
(0.36)
(0.43)
(0.59)
(0.80)
Population
β1.13e-6
β.099
β6.28e-8
β.004
3.97e-7
.021
2.63e-6
.094
(8.02e-7)
(1.01e-6)
(1.37e-6)
(1.86e-6)
Constant
8.19***
5.29***
5.72***
5.71***
(0.53)
(0.65)
(0.89)
(1.19)
N
207
208
206
211
Adj. β
.079
.093
.086
.128
Prob > Fβ
.004
.093
.086
.079
***
, **, *; Standard Errors in Parentheses. Appointedβ=βManagerβ+βEDC; Electedβ=βMayorβ+βCouncil; SESβ=βMedian Family Incomeβ+β%Collegeβ+β%Unemployment (Inv).