Research Article

22@ and the Innovation District in Barcelona and Montreal: A Process of Clustering Development between Urban Regeneration and Economic Competitiveness

Table 2

22@ and ID: differences.

22@Montreal’s Innovation District

Platform of innovationEcosystem of innovation
Consolidated multi-clustered district (4 consolidated clusters and 1 emerging)Emerging clusters of innovation (2 consolidated clusters (Cité du Multimédia and Cité du Commerce Électronique))
Economic and territorial regeneration fostered by institutionalized top-down strategiesSocioeconomic regeneration based on scientific and strategic partnerships boosted by multiple actors (réseau ouvert des acteurs)
Real estate interests and innovation in terms of attractiveness of firms and institutions (strategic platform of governance among major actors)Research activities and innovation in terms of academic and scientific pole and strategic partnerships (strategic ecosystem of innovation)
Local/regional/international level of developmentLocal/provincial/national level of development
Strong level of integration between local institutions but low synergy with scientific and academic players (top-down)Emerging networking and connection among local stakeholders in order to increase integration and synergy (top-down and bottom-up)
Key role of local and national governmentsKey role of ETS and McGill in the first phase of planning
Lack of social life and living neighborhoodAttention to quality of life and mixture/attraction of socioeconomic groups
European centre of techno-creative networks based on central metropolitan areaNew regional and metropolitan centre of innovation based on Montreal’s New Technopole
Strong city branding of 22@ since 2000Emerging process of identification in 2009-2010
Surface of project: 200 hectaresSurface of project: not yet defined