A Dependable Microelectronic Peptide Synthesizer Using Electrode Data

Figure 6

X-MEF measurement results from the direct sensing electrode pair infrastructure.

(a) X-MEF direct-sensing electrode pair measurement in the case of a pure peptide droplet. Impedance and phase versus frequency

(b) Measured X-MEF direct-sensing electrode pair impedance in the case of droplet absence (empty), TFA, pure (R3), and impure (R4) peptide droplets

(c) Previous measurement zoomed in for the last three droplet cases under phase condition

(d) Measurement of X-MEF direct sensing electrode pair phase in the case of droplet absence, TFA, pure (R3) and impure (R4) peptide droplets

(e) Previous measurement zoomed in for the last three droplet cases under phase condition