Knee Joint Biomechanical Gait Data Classification for Knee Pathology Assessment: A Literature Review

Table 1

Knee joint biomechanical gait data classification-related studies.

Study	Pathology	Population	Biomechanical variables	Data acquisition	Feature Ext/select	Classification	Acc
[64]	ACL	20 ACL; 26 injured knees	EMG	PDP 11/23 minicomputer	Fourier transform	K-means	—
[51]	OA	50 OA; 63 AS	Spatiotemporal data; Kinematics; Kinetics	Optoelectronic measurement system; Force plate	Global rep.; PCA	LDA	94%
[38]	OA	35 OA; 107 AS	Kinematics	3D knee analyzer	Local rep.	ANOVA	—
[39]	OA	12 OA; 7 AS	Acceleration data; Kinematics; Kinetics	Vicon motion analysis system; Force sensor integrated treadmill triaxial gyroscopes and accelerometers	Local rep.	LDA	87.9%
[40]	OA	15 OA; 15 AS	Spatiotemporal data; Kinematics; Kinetics	Optoelectronic measurement system; Force plate	Local rep.	DST	96.7%
[41]	OA	20 OA; 25 AS	Spatiotemporal data; Kinematics; Kinetics	Optoelectronic measurement system; Force plate	Local rep.	DST	—
[74]	OA	110OA; 91 AS	Spatiotemporal data; Kinematics; Kinetics	Vicon motion analysis system	—	MLP	98.5%
[52]	OA	50OA; 63AS	Kinematics; Kinetics	Optoelectronic measurement system; Force plate	Global rep.; PCA	LDA	92%
[42]	PFPS-OA	13PFPS; 5OA; 20 PKR	Kinetics	Kistler force platform	Local rep.; Hill-climbing algorithm	SVM	85-92%
[69]	OA	11 OA; 12 AS	Spatiotemporal data	Vicon motion analysis system; GAITRite system	Hill-climbing algorithm	SVM	94.2%
[53]	OA	20 OA; 22 AS	Kinematics; Kinetics	Optoelectronic measurement system; Force plate	Global rep.; PCA	DST	97.62%
[60]	OA	26OA; 16AS	Kinetics	Kistler force platforms	Global representation; WT	NN	91%
[59]	OA	26 OA; 16 AS	Kinetics	Kistler force platforms integrated to an ADAL treadmill	Global rep.; WT	NNC	90%
[68]	OA	11 OA; 12 AS	Spatiotemporal data	Vicon motion analysis system; GAITRite system	Hill-climbing algorithm	SVM	88.89%
[70]	OA	24 OA; 12 AS	Kinetics	Bertec platform	Wavelet packet based on the Fuz-Coc	DT-SVM	93.44%
[37]	OA	30 OA; 14 AS	Kinematics	KneeKG	Local rep.; Global rep.	SVD	77.27%; 93.18%
[61]	ACL	29 ACL; 15 AS	Kinematics; Kinetics	ADAL treadmill; Vicon motion analysis system	Global rep.; WT	NNC	83.2%
[49]	OA	30 OA; 14 AS	Kinematics	KneeKG	Global rep.	SVD	93.1%
[56]	ACL-R	6 ACL-R; 10 AS	Kinematics	Four cameras motion analysis system (Innovision)	Global rep.; PCA	LR	93.75%
[43]	OA	18 KS; 20 non-KS	Kinematics	KneeKG	Local rep.	Student’s -test	—
[57]	AS	111 AS	Kinematics	KneeKG	Global rep.; PCA	Discriminant model based on PCs’ sign	—
[66]	OA	2,900 OA	Spatiotemporal data	Computerized walking mat	—	CART	89.5%–90.8%
[67]	OA	2,911 OA	Spatiotemporal data	Computerized walking mat	—	CART	89.5%–90.8%
[72]	OA	47 OA; 133 AS	Kinetics	Kistler force plates	Probabilistic PCA	Bayes classifier	82.62%
[73]	OA	25 KS; 25 non-KS; 29 OA	Kinematics	KneeKG	—	Bayes classifier	—
[46]	OA	44 S; 40 non-S	Kinematics	KneeKG	Local rep.	CART	84.7%
[48]	OA	100 OA	Kinematics	KneeKG	Local rep.	RTs	88%
[71]	ACL	7 ACL; 7 AS	Kinematics	Vicon motion analysis system	PCA	SVM	100%
[47]	OA	100 OA; 40 AS	Kinematics	KneeKG	Local rep.	RTs	85%
[65]	AS	165 AS	Kinematics	KneeKG	Isometric mapping	DBSCAN algorithm	—
[62]	OA	63 OA	Kinematics	KneeKG	WT	Kohonen neural network	90.47%