BIM Use by Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) Industry in Educational Facility Projects

Table 11

Relationship between the role of the respondent and their perception of the obstacles preventing the use of BIM (mean/average rating score).

Obstacle category	Obstacles that prevent BIM use	Architects NA = 30 (48.4%)	Site engineers NSE = 4 (6.5%)	Structural engineers NSTE = 9 (14.5%)	MEP engineers NMEPE = 5 (8.1%)	Contractors NC = 14 (22.6%)
Cost	Cost of software and new hardware to keep up with the software	3.10	2.75	2.67	3.00	4.00
	Cost of hiring experienced staff	3.20	3.25	2.67	2.80	3.93
	Lack of substantial quantifiable benefits and evaluation methods	3.20	3.75	3.56	2.80	3.21
	Fast-paced and small-sized projects do not justify the time needed for the cost of implementing BIM	3.00	3.50	3.11	3.20	3.50
Demand	Not enough owner demand	2.90	3.25	3.30	2.20	3.43
BIM professionals	Lack of expertise and need for training	3.33	3.50	3.33	3.40	3.86
	Unclear responsibilities, assigned roles, and BIM deliverables	3.07	4.25	2.89	3.00	3.69
BIM process	Disruption in workflow to implement new BIM processes	3.21	4.25	3.44	2.40	3.79
	Vulnerability or security of file sharing	2.45	3.25	2.78	2.00	3.29
	Lack of software interoperability	3.10	4.00	3.11	2.80	3.29
Legal issues	Lack of BIM standards	3.03	3.50	3.44	2.40	3.50
	Lack of precedence, established laws, and regulations about BIM use	2.87	3.25	2.78	2.20	3.21
	Legal liabilities of the BIM process	2.97	3.75	3.22	2.40	3.07

Note. Total N = 62.