Simplified Method for Calculating the Active Earth Pressure on Retaining Walls of Narrow Backfill Width Based on DEM Analysis

<div>The slip surface of soil behind a retaining wall with <i>φ</i> varying from 20° to 35° (<i>d</i> = 3 m).</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

Figure 6: Simplified Method for Calculating the Active Earth Pressure on Retaining Walls of Narrow Backfill Width Based on DEM Analysis 