Simplified Method for Calculating the Active Earth Pressure on Retaining Walls of Narrow Backfill Width Based on DEM Analysis

<div>Force equilibrium analysis for slice element: (a) horizontal element of the backfill between two rigid faces and (b) stress conditions of a soil element adjacent to the back of retaining wall.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 7

Figure 7: Simplified Method for Calculating the Active Earth Pressure on Retaining Walls of Narrow Backfill Width Based on DEM Analysis 