Research Article
Simplified Method for Calculating the Active Earth Pressure on Retaining Walls of Narrow Backfill Width Based on DEM Analysis
Table 1
Micromechanical properties for the DEM analysis.
| Parameter | Value |
| Soil | | Unit weight, γ | 15.2 KN/m | Normal stiffness of particles, kn | 75 MN/m | Shear stiffness of particles, ks | 62.5 MN/m | Friction coefficient, μs | 1.5 | Particle radius, R | 0.03–0.05 m |
| Retaining wall | | Normal stiffness of particles, kn | 2000 MN/m | Shear stiffness of particles, ks | 2000 MN/m | Friction coefficient, μw | 1.0 |
|
|