Tumor Microenvironment in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Role and Prognosis

Table 1

Characteristics of PDL-1⁺ and mPDL-1⁺ cases in various retrospective studies.

	Number of patients ()	Treatment regimens	PDL-1^+ tumor cells/mPDL-1^+	OS/PFS	Specific results
Kiyasu et al. [29]	1253	R-CHOP/R-CHOP-like, CHOP	(i) PDL-1^+ tumor cells: 10.5% (); (ii) mPDL-1^+: 15.3% ()	(i) OS HR: 1.809 (CI: 1.051-3.112)	(i) PDL-1^+ is a poor prognostic factor; was significantly associated with the presence of B symptoms, IPI high-risk group, elevated serum soluble IL-2 receptor levels, EBV infection, and non-GCB subtype; (ii) mPDL-1^+: was found to be associated with IPI high-risk group, EBV infection, and non-GCB subtype
Hu et al. [30]	204	R-CHOP/R-CHOP-like, CHOP	(i) PDL-1^+ tumor cells: 49% (); (ii) mPDL-1^+: 21.6% ()	(i) 5-year OS and PFS: 50% vs. 67.3% and 39.6% vs. 59.6%	(i) PDL-1^+ was found to be an independent risk factor for OS; it was associated with elevated beta2-microglobulin, resistance to first-line chemotherapy, and non-GCB subtype; (ii) mPDL-1^+: was associated with first-line chemotherapy resistance
Xing et al. [31]	86	R-CHOP (85%)	(i) PDL-1^+ tumor cells: 16% (); (ii) mPDL-1^+: 27% ()	(i) Median OS and PFS: 21 months and 18.5 months	(i) PDL-1^+ is a statistically significant factor for OS; it was also associated with higher initial staging, greater extralymphatic organ involvement and non-GCB subtype
Fang et al. [32]	76	R-CHOP/R-CHOP-like, surgery, and surgery^+ chemotherapy	(i) PDL-1^+ tumor cells: 26.3%	(i) OS HR: 2.547 (CI: 0.964-6.730)	(i) PDL-1^+ cases had a worse clinical outcome; it is not an independent prognostic marker for patients’ OS