Review Article
Oil and Gas Production Wastewater: Soil Contamination and Pollution Prevention
Table 2
Chemicals and chemical mixtures identified as being commonly used in hydraulic fracturing based on available sources.
| | Chemical name | CAS number | Formula |
| | Acetaldehyde | 75-07-0 | C2H4O | | Acetic acid | 64-19-7 |
C2H4O2 | | Acetone | 67-64-1 | C3H6O | | Adipic acid | 124-04-9 | C6H10O4 | | Alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride | 68424-85-1 | Various | | Ammonium chloride | 12125-02-9 | ClH4N | | Ammonium persulfate | 7727-54-0 | (NH4)2S2O8 | | Ammonium sulfate | 7783-20-2 | (NH4)2SO4 | | Borate salts | Various | Various | | Boric acid sodium salt | 1333-73-9 | Na3BO3 | | Calcium chloride | 10043-52-4 | CaCl | | Calcium peroxide | 1305-79-9 | CaO2 | | Carbon dioxide | 124-38-9 | CO2 | | Carboxymethyl guar | 39346-76-4 | Various | | Carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose | 9004-30-2 | Various | | Carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar | 68130-15-4 | Various | | Choline chloride | 67-48-1 | C5H14ClNO | | Citric acid | 77-92-9 | C6H8O7 | | Copolymer of acrylamide and sodium acrylate | 25987-30-8 | Various | | Copper compounds | Various | Various | | Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride | 7173-51-5 | C22H48ClN | | Diesel fuel | Various | Various | | Diethanolamine | 111-42-2 | C4H11NO2 | | Dimethyl dihydrogenated tallow ammonium chloride | Various | Various | | Ester salt | Various | Various | | Ethanol | 64-17-5 | C2H6O | | Ethyl methyl derivatives | Various | Various | | Ethylene glycol | 107-21-1 | C2H6O2 | | Formic acid | 64-18-6 | CH2O2 | | Fumaric acid | 110-17-8 | C4H4O4 | | Glutaraldehyde | 111-30-8 | C5H8O | | Glycol ethers | Various | Various | | Guar gum | 9000-30-0 | Various | | Isopropanol | 67-63-0 | C3H8O | | Magnesium oxide | 1309-48-4 | MgO | | Magnesium peroxide | 14452-57-4 | MgO2 | | Methanol | 67-56-1 | CH4O | | Monoethanolamine | 141-43-5 | C2H7NO | | Monoethylamine | 75-04-7 | C2H7N | | N,n-Dimethyl formamide | 68-12-2 | C3H7NO | | Naphthalene | 91-20-3 | C10H8 | | Nitrogen | 7727-37-9 | N2 | | Petroleum distillate | 64741-85-1 | Various | | Phosphonic acid salt | Various | Various | | Polyacrylamide | 9003-05-8 | (C3H5NO) | | Polyglycol ether | Various | Various | | Potassium carbonate | 584-08-7 | K2CO3 | | Potassium chloride | 7447-40-7 | KCl | | Potassium hydroxide | 1310-58-3 | KOH | | Potassium metaborate | 13709-94-9 | BKO2 | | Potassium persulfate | 7727-21-1 | K2O8S2 | | Propargyl alcohol | 107-19-7 | C3H4O | | Pyridinium | 16969-45-2 | C5H6N | | Quaternary ammonium chloride | 61789-71-1 | Various | | Sodium carbonate | 497-19-8 | Na2CO3 | | Sodium chloride | 7647-14-5 | NaCl | | Sodium erythorbate | 6381-77-7 | C6H7NaO6 | | Sodium hydroxide | 1310-73-2 | NaOH | | Sodium lauryl sulfate | 151-21-3 | C12H25NaO4S | | Sodium persulfate | 7775-27-1 | Na2O8S2 | | Sodium polycarboxylate | Various | Various | | Sodium tetraborate decahydrate | 1303-96-4 | B4O7⋅2Na⋅10H2O | | Tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate | 55566-30-8 | (C4H12O4P)2O4S | | Tetramethyl ammonium chloride | 75-57-0 | C4H12ClN | | Thioglycolic acid | 68-11-1 | C2H4O2S | | Thiourea | 62-56-6 | CH4N2S | | Tributyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride | 81741-28-8 | C26H56PCl | | Triethanolamine zirconate | 101033-44-7 | C24H56N4O12Zr | | Zirconium hydroxy lactate sodium complex | 113184-20-6 | C12H19NaO16Zr | | Zirconium nitrate | 13746-89-9 | Zr(NO3)4 | | Zirconium sulfate | 14644-61-2 | Zr(SO4)2 | | 1-Bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin | 16079-88-2 | C5H6BrClN2O2 | | 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide | 10222-01-2 | C3H2Br2N2O | | 2-Bromo-3-nitrilopropionamide | 1113-55-9 | C3H3BrN2O | | 2-Butoxyethanol | 111-76-2 | C6H14O2 |
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[5, 44, 46–48].
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