Review Article
Oil and Gas Production Wastewater: Soil Contamination and Pollution Prevention
Table 3
Composition of oilfield produced water.
| Parameter | Range | Metal | Range (mg/L) |
| Density (kg/m3) | 1014–1140 | Ca | 13–29,222 | Conductivity (µS/cm) | 4200–58,600 | Na | 132–97,000 | Surface tension (dyn/cm) | 43–78 | K | 24–4,300 | Turbidity (NTU) | 182 | Mg | 8–6,000 | pH | 4.3–10 | Fe | <0.1–100 | TOC (mg/L) | 0–1,500 | Al | 310–410 | TDS | 267,588 | B | 5–95 | TSS (mg/L) | 1.2–10,623 | Ba | 1.3–650 | Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) | 8.2 | Cd | <0.005 | Total oil (mg/L) | 2–565 | Cu | <0.02–1.5 | Volatiles (BTEX; mg/L) | 0.39–35 | Cr | 0.02–1.1 | TPH (mg/L) | >20 | Li | 3–50 | Chloride (mg/L) | 80–200,000 | Mn | <0.004–175 | Bicarbonate (mg/L) | 77–3,990 | Pb | 0.002–8.8 | Sulfate (mg/L) | <2–1,650 | Sr | 0.02–2,204 | Sulfite (mg/L) | 10 | Ti | | NH3-N (mg/L) | 10–300 | Zn | <0.01–0.7 | Phenol (mg/L) | | As | 0.01–35 | Volatile fatty acids (mg/L) | 0.009–23 | Hg | <0.005–0.3 | | 2–4,900 | Ag | <0.005–0.3 | | | Be | <0.001–0.15 | | | Ni | <0.001–0.004 | | | | <0.001–1.7 |
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[49–51].
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