Pesticides Usage in the Soil Quality Degradation Potential in Wanasari Subdistrict, Brebes, Indonesia
Table 2
List of most insecticides and fungicides previously approved for use on shallot cultivation in Wanasari Subdistrict.
Number
Types of pesticides
Formulation name
Active ingredients
Group
Class by WHO
Pesticides usage () (%)
Mean ± SD
(1)
Insecticides
Arjuna
Chlorfenapyr
Pirol
II
96
34.47 ± 0.93
(2)
Insecticides
Tumagon
Buprofezin
Tiadiazin
III
85
33.51 ± 1.70
(3)
Insecticides
Dursban
Chlorpyrifos
Organophosphate
II
60
34.64 ± 2.91
(4)
Insecticides
Marshal
Carbosulfan
Carbamate
II
52
34.42 ± 2.27
(5)
Insecticides
Sumo
beta-Cyfluthrin
Pyrethroid
Ib
45
34.81 ± 3.06
(6)
Insecticides
Trigard
Cyromazine
Urea
III
23
33.57 ± 4.00
(7)
Fungicides
Antracol
Propineb
Carbamate, organozinc
U
88
34.85 ± 1.51
(8)
Fungicides
Delsene
Mancozeb
Dithiocarbamate, organomanganese
U
82
34.06 ± 1.75
(9)
Fungicides
Vondozeb
Mancozeb
Dithiocarbamate, organomanganese
U
63
34.05 ± 2.78
(10)
Fungicides
Folicur
Tebuconazole
Triazole
II
53
34.19 ± 2.24
(11)
Fungicides
Amistar top
Azoxystrobin
Pyrimidine
U
47
34.29 ± 3.06
(12)
Fungicides
Dithane
Mancozeb
Dithiocarbamate, organomanganese
U
27
33.69 ± 3.91
Average dose used per 15-liter tank (ml); classes information: Ib is highly hazardous, II is moderately hazardous, III is slightly hazardous, and U is unlikely to present acute hazard in normal use. U = unlikely to present acute hazard in normal use.
