New Pulse Width Modulation Technique to Reduce Losses for Three-Phase Photovoltaic Inverters

<table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab3"><tr><td><table class="table"><colgroup><col style="width:12.17em"/><col style="width:5.65em"/></colgroup><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left"><b>Parameter</b></td><td class="align_center"><b>Value</b></td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Grid Voltage</td><td class="align_center">400V(L-L)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Grid Frequency <svg height="14.8173pt" id="M69" style="vertical-align:-5.52897pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 12.6235 14.8173" width="12.6235pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M619 670C619 686 593 712 555 712S459 686 410 634S335 504 320 430H250L219 400L222 388H312L258 73C223 -133 201 -166 187 -180C175 -191 158 -199 140 -199C123 -199 88 -188 74 -172C68 -166 63 -164 54 -171C38 -185 23 -201 23 -215C23 -236 60 -261 93 -261C122 -261 161 -247 207 -200C268 -138 300 -71 337 94C365 220 376 277 394 387L501 399L521 430H401C432 623 464 665 501 665C524 665 544 651 567 627C577 617 583 618 592 625C601 631 619 651 619 670Z" id="g113-103"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.721,3.132)"><path d="M554 433L549 437C539 437 513 441 503 443C481 447 456 451 436 451C354 451 268 415 216 368C150 308 99 205 99 106C99 24 136 -12 165 -12C196 -12 243 14 268 33C318 70 374 118 415 181H419L395 39C374 -84 332 -149 295 -175C269 -193 245 -197 212 -197C137 -197 93 -156 76 -102C71 -87 61 -87 51 -96C36 -110 24 -130 24 -147C24 -183 76 -257 171 -257C226 -257 285 -227 323 -200C387 -155 455 -76 480 94C499 225 538 391 554 433ZM460 386C457 361 438 287 426 254C408 218 373 176 332 133C294 93 246 61 217 61C198 61 186 80 186 122C186 167 206 250 231 294C262 349 288 375 317 387C334 394 358 400 381 400C413 400 439 393 460 386Z" id="g50-104"></path></g></svg></td><td class="align_center">50Hz</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Line impedance</td><td class="align_center">0.1+j0.0314</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Filter Inductor <span class="nowrap"><svg height="11.6836pt" id="M70" style="vertical-align:-3.29562pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.38798 11.7192 11.6836" width="11.7192pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M495 163C480 117 462 85 444 65C421 39 387 34 332 34C290 34 256 36 236 47C218 57 213 77 213 131V526C213 612 222 616 301 622V650H40V622C122 616 128 611 128 526V126C128 41 120 34 36 28V0H489C498 31 519 126 525 157L495 163Z" id="g121-74"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.994,3.132)"><path d="M442 39L431 68C420 63 406 57 394 57C377 57 359 71 359 118V301C359 353 349 393 314 424C291 443 261 451 230 451C171 438 107 401 79 381C59 366 46 355 46 340C46 316 72 295 91 295C106 295 117 303 122 319C131 350 139 371 152 384C163 397 178 404 197 404C246 404 281 365 281 293V278C260 262 186 232 124 213C69 194 41 161 41 112C41 47 92 -12 163 -12C195 -12 243 25 283 51C288 35 293 22 308 7C319 -4 339 -12 354 -12L442 39ZM281 87C262 68 226 51 199 51C169 51 129 74 129 126C129 162 151 181 190 198C211 208 259 229 281 240V87Z" id="g58-95"></path></g></svg>,</span> <span class="nowrap"><svg height="11.6836pt" id="M71" style="vertical-align:-3.29562pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.38798 12.3403 11.6836" width="12.3403pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M495 163C480 117 462 85 444 65C421 39 387 34 332 34C290 34 256 36 236 47C218 57 213 77 213 131V526C213 612 222 616 301 622V650H40V622C122 616 128 611 128 526V126C128 41 120 34 36 28V0H489C498 31 519 126 525 157L495 163Z" id="g121-74"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.994,3.132)"><path d="M156 406V710C117 695 54 682 9 675V647C73 642 75 635 75 573V25C131 -2 180 -12 223 -12C359 -12 478 92 478 240C478 357 387 451 278 451C265 451 251 447 236 440L156 406ZM156 373C175 384 208 392 235 392C315 392 387 328 387 214C387 97 332 30 251 31C197 31 170 66 162 84C158 93 156 104 156 118V373Z" id="g58-96"></path></g></svg>,</span> <svg height="11.6836pt" id="M72" style="vertical-align:-3.29562pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.38798 11.5639 11.6836" width="11.5639pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M495 163C480 117 462 85 444 65C421 39 387 34 332 34C290 34 256 36 236 47C218 57 213 77 213 131V526C213 612 222 616 301 622V650H40V622C122 616 128 611 128 526V126C128 41 120 34 36 28V0H489C498 31 519 126 525 157L495 163Z" id="g121-74"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.994,3.132)"><path d="M396 114C349 71 317 59 274 59C216 59 123 104 123 241C123 342 180 400 246 400C283 400 317 386 348 359C355 352 361 348 366 348C378 348 401 371 402 394C402 405 398 413 385 424C369 437 337 451 294 451H293C254 451 193 434 141 394C73 342 39 277 39 198C39 90 114 -12 243 -12C303 -12 371 31 415 90L396 114Z" id="g58-97"></path></g></svg></td><td class="align_center">2.5mH</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Switching Frequency</td><td class="align_center">25kHz</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Film capacitor <svg height="12.0621pt" id="M73" style="vertical-align:-3.2957pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.7664 18.1353 12.0621" width="18.1353pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M614 175C564 76 510 21 408 21C256 21 146 149 146 336C146 488 235 629 402 629C510 629 570 586 597 480L626 488C620 541 614 582 606 638C578 643 510 665 429 665C206 665 44 527 44 316C44 157 153 -15 402 -15C474 -15 558 5 586 11C604 45 629 119 643 165L614 175Z" id="g121-65"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.645,3.132)"><path d="M526 56L493 58C457 61 448 68 448 119V710C411 697 344 682 288 675V646C362 641 367 639 367 573V439C344 448 315 451 300 451C164 451 40 342 40 202C40 61 147 -12 227 -12C239 -12 266 -7 305 16L367 53V-12C427 10 505 21 526 26V56ZM367 88C342 69 306 54 271 54C207 54 133 111 133 229C133 373 219 409 264 409C301 409 342 394 367 359V88Z" id="g58-98"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,13.541,3.132)"><path d="M396 114C349 71 317 59 274 59C216 59 123 104 123 241C123 342 180 400 246 400C283 400 317 386 348 359C355 352 361 348 366 348C378 348 401 371 402 394C402 405 398 413 385 424C369 437 337 451 294 451H293C254 451 193 434 141 394C73 342 39 277 39 198C39 90 114 -12 243 -12C303 -12 371 31 415 90L396 114Z" id="g58-97"></path></g></svg></td><td class="align_center">8 <i>μ</i>F</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Inverter rms dc current <svg height="11.9316pt" id="M74" style="vertical-align:-3.2957pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 17.1631 11.9316" width="17.1631pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M405 650H141L135 622C222 616 230 610 215 535L133 116C118 41 113 33 29 28L23 0H289L295 28C209 33 205 40 219 116L298 535C312 609 317 616 399 622L405 650Z" id="g113-74"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.719,3.132)"><path d="M138 535C169 535 191 560 191 589C191 620 168 644 139 644S85 620 85 589C85 560 110 535 138 535ZM257 0V30C192 35 185 43 185 109V453C142 435 94 422 40 414V386C101 378 104 372 104 311V109C104 41 97 35 33 30V0H257Z" id="g58-103"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.221,3.132)"><path d="M532 0V30C473 38 467 38 467 107V298C467 395 416 451 336 451C307 451 279 439 251 420C226 404 205 389 185 374V453C142 434 94 422 43 413V386C98 378 104 373 104 309V107C104 41 100 38 31 30V0H251V30C191 35 185 40 185 107V337C216 364 255 389 295 389C360 389 386 347 386 276V110C386 44 380 35 321 30V0H532Z" id="g58-108"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.071,3.132)"><path d="M487 439H304V409C361 402 367 391 351 344C328 280 297 190 262 110C235 178 192 284 168 353C152 396 153 403 208 409V439H-1V409C54 401 61 394 85 338C133 221 179 111 224 -10H255C312 139 363 260 398 336C426 394 432 401 487 409V439Z" id="g58-116"></path></g></svg></td><td class="align_center">13.5A</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Total injected active power</td><td class="align_center">6.6 kW</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="2"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Data used in the Simulink model.</div>

Active and Passive Electronic Components

tab3

Table 3

Table 3: New Pulse Width Modulation Technique to Reduce Losses for Three-Phase Photovoltaic Inverters 