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Scientific name | Family | Local name | Part/solvent used | Dose of the extract | Experimental animals | Results | References |
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Achyranthes aspera | Amaranthaceae | Ara songsang | Root/ethyl alcohol | 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg | Wistar rats | All the doses caused significant reduction in paw edema compared to control | [49] |
Annona muricata | Annonaceae | Durian belanda | Leaves/aqueous ethanol | 10–300 mg/kg | Sprague-Dawley rats | A significant decrease of the concentration of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β was observed | [50] |
Ardisia crispa | Myrsinaceae | Mata pelandok | Root/ethanol | 3, 10, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of body weight | Sprague-Dawley rats | A significant inhibition (93.34%) was observed in carrageenan-induced edema in rats at a dose of 300 mg/kg | [51] |
Atylosia scarabaeoides | Fabaceae | Kara-kara/kacang kerara | Leaves/ethanol | 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg | Swiss albino mice | The extract displayed significant inhibition of inflammation. Highest inhibition of paw edema (38.38%) at a dose of 450 mg/kg after 4 h of administration | [52] |
Citrullus lanatus | Cucurbitaceae | Tembikai | Fruit pulp/petroleum ether, chloroform, and 90% ethanol | 30 and 60 mg/kg of body weight | BALB/c mice | Cucurbitacin E inhibits inflammation significantly from the fourth hour and is able to revert paw edema through the COX-2 inhibition | [33] |
Corchorus capsularis | Malvaceae | Kancing baju | Leaves/chloroform | 20, 100, and 200 mg/kg | BALB/c mice and Sprague-Dawley rats | The extract caused significant reduction in the thickness of edematous paw for the first 6 h | [53] |
Crinum asiaticum | Amaryllidaceae | Pokok bakung | Leaves/methanol | 50 mg/kg of the extract | Mice | Inhibition of paw edema (94.8%) | [54] |
Curcuma aeruginosa | Zingiberaceae | Temu hitam | Rhizomes/chloroform, methanol, and water | 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg | Swiss mice and Wistar rats | No significant suppression was observed after oral administration of all doses on carrageenan-induced paw edema | [55] |
Curcuma longa | Zingiberaceae | Kunyit | Rhizomes/water | 200 mg/kg of body weight | Wistar albino rats | The production of anti-inflammatory/proinflammatory cytokines is decreasing | [56] |
Cyathula prostrata | Amaranthaceae | Ketumbar | Leaves/methanol | 50,100, and 200 mg/kg | Wistar rats and Swiss albino mice | All extracts displayed a significant dose-dependent inhibition in the carrageenan-, arachidonic acid-, and xylene-induced tests | [57] |
Dicranopteris linearis | Gleicheniaceae | Resam | Leaves/chloroform | 10, 100, and 200 mg/kg | BALB/c mice and Sprague-Dawley rats | The extract produced significant anti-inflammatory activity that did not depend on the doses of the extract | [58] |
Ficus deltoidea | Moraceae | Mas cotek | Whole plant/water | 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg | Sprague-Dawley rats | The rats’ paw edema volume reduced significantly in a dose-dependent manner | [59] |
Garcinia subelliptica | Guttiferae | Pokok penanti | Seeds/chloroform | 3, 10, 30, 50, and 100 µM | Sprague-Dawley rats | A potent inhibitory effect on fMLP/CB-induced superoxide anion generation was observed in the isolated compound garcinielliptin oxide | [38] |
Justicia gendarussa | Acanthaceae | Daun rusa | Root/methanol | 50 mg/kg of the extract | Wistar rats | 80% and 93% edema inhibition at the third and fifth hours | [60] |
Kaempferia galanga | Zingiberaceae | Cekur | Rhizomes/chloroform | 2 g/kg of the extract | Male Sprague-Dawley rats | Highest edema inhibition (42.9%) | [41] |
Manilkara zapota | Sapotaceae | Ciku | Leaves/ethyl acetate | 300 mg/kg of body weight | Albino Wistar rats | Inhibition of paw edema (92.41%) | [61] |
Mitragyna speciosa | Rubiaceae | Biak-biak and ketom | Leaves/methanol | 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg | Sprague-Dawley rats | Both doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg showed a significant inhibition of the paw edema (63%) | [62] |
Moringa oleifera | Moringaceae | Kelur | Leaves/water | 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg | BALB/c mice and Sprague-Dawley rats | Highest edema inhibition (66.7%) at the second hour at 100 mg/kg of dose | [63] |
Muntingia calabura | Muntingiaceae | Kerukup siam | Leaves/water | 27 mg/kg, 135 mg/kg, and 270 mg/kg | Sprague-Dawley rats | The extract was found to exhibit a concentration-independent anti-inflammatory activity | [64] |
Orthosiphon stamineus | Lamiaceae | Misai kucing | Leaves/methanol : water | 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg | Charles River mice and Sprague-Dawley rats | Increase in edema inhibition (26.79%) | [65] |
Peperomia pellucida | Piperaceae | Ketumpangan air | Whole plant/petroleum ether | 1000 mg/kg | Sprague-Dawley rats | The extract showed significant inhibition in magnitude of swelling after 4 h of administration | [66] |
Phyllanthus acidus | Phyllanthaceae | Cermai | Leaves/methanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether | 250 and 500 mg/kg | Wistar rats and albino mice | All the extracts showed reduction in carrageenan-induced paw edema with highest inhibition (90.91%) in the methanol extract | [67] |
Physalis minima | Solanaceae | Pokok letup-letup | Whole plant/methanol and chloroform fraction | 200 and 400 mg/kg | NMRI mice and Wistar rats | Crude extract and chloroform fraction showed highest inhibition of paw edema at 66% and 68% at 400 mg/kg, respectively | [68] |
Piper sarmentosum | Piperaceae | Kaduk | Leaves/water | 30–300 mg/kg of the extract | Sprague-Dawley rats and male BALB/c mice | All doses exerted anti-inflammatory activity in a dose-dependent manner | [69] |
Polygonum minus | Polygonaceae | Kesum | Aerial parts/water | 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg | Wistar albino rats | The extracts significantly reduced the paw edema volume in the rats after 4 h | [70] |
Sandoricum koetjape | Meliaceae | Sentul | Stems/methanol | 5 mg/ear | BALB/c mice | A significant inhibition (94%) in TPA-induced edema was observed in the isolated compound 3-oxo-12-oleanen-29-oic acid | [71] |
Solanum nigrum | Solanaceae | Terung meranti | Leaves/water | 10, 50, and 100% of concentration | BALB/c mice and Sprague-Dawley rats | Extracts produce apparently two-phase anti-inflammatory activity: the first phase between 1 and 2 h and the second phase between 5 and 7 h after carrageenan administration | [72] |
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis | Verbenaceae | Selasih dandi | Leaves/ethanol | 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg | BALB/c albino strain mice and Sprague-Dawley rats | A significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity was observed 30 min after the administration of the extract at all doses | [73] |
Vitex negundo | Lamiaceae | Legundi | Leaves/ethanol | 2 mg/ear | Mice | The extract showed an inhibitory activity of 54.1% | [74] |
Zingiber zerumbet | Zingiberaceae | Lempoyang | Rhizomes/methanol | 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg | BALB/c mice | A significant antiedema activity was observed at all doses in a dose-dependent manner (i.e., 50 and 100 mg/kg doses of the extract exhibited activity at 90 min after administration, while 25 mg/kg exhibited at 150 min) | [75] |
5, 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg | ICR mice | The isolated compound (zerumbone) significantly showed dose-dependent inhibition of paw edema induced by carrageenan at all doses (5, 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) in mice with percentage of inhibition of 33.3, 66.7, 83.3, and 83.3%, respectively | [76] |
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