Tenofovir Nephrotoxicity: 2011 Update

Table 1

Drugs interfering with proximal tubular tenofovir transporters.

Transporter	Drug interaction	Effect
hOAT1	Probenecid inhibits hOAT1; NSAIDs inhibit hOAT1; Acyclovir; DDI competes with tenofovir	Probenecid decreases the incidence of renal toxicity by cidofovir, might for tenofovir [28]; Acyclovir increases serum concentrations of tenofovir; Tenofovir increases DDI levels [29]
MRP-4	Inhibition of MRP-4: probenecid; dipyridamole; NSAIDs [30]	Acyclovir increase serum concentrations of tenofovir; NSAIDs associated with tenofovir nephrotoxicity [30, 31]
	Cidofovir, acyclovir, valaciclovir, ganciclovir, and valganciclovir
MRP-2	Ritonavir is transported by MRP-2	Ritonavir increases tenofovir concentration and has been associated with tenofovir nephrotoxicity