Review Article
The Strong Protective Effect of Circumcision against Cancer of the Penis
Table 2
Association between phimosis and penile cancer.
| Study [ref.] | | OR (95% CI) | Type |
| Brinton et al. (1991) [99] | 44/111 | 37.2 (11.9–116) | IPC | Tsen et al. (2001) [16] | 50/150 | 1.7 (0.32–7.8)† | CIS | Tsen et al. (2001) [16] | 50/150 | 16 (4.5–57)† | IPC | Daling et al. (2005) [36] | 33/308 | 3.8 (1.4–10.1)† | CIS | Daling et al. (2005) [36] | 38/313 | 11.4 (5.0–25.9)† | IPC | Velazquez et al. (2003) [98] | 23/238 | 14.5 (5.5–38.4) | Not stated | Harish & Ravi (1995) [100] | 503/1006 | 6.97 (4.3–11.3)† | Not stated | Hellberg et al. (1987) [101] | 217/414 | 64.6 (30.9–135) | Not stated |
| Meta-analysis (random effects): OR = 12.1 (95% CI = 5.57–26.2) |
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*Total cases/total participants; †Adjusted odds ratio presented in original study. IPC, invasive penile carcinoma; CIS, carcinoma in situ.
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