Review Article
The Strong Protective Effect of Circumcision against Cancer of the Penis
Table 3
Association between smegma and penile cancer.
| Study [ref.] | | OR (95% CI) | Type |
| Maden et al. (1993) [3] | 80/268 | 2.1 (1.2–3.8)† | IPC+CIS | Brinton et al. (1991) [99] | 30/97 | 11 (3.68–32.6) | IPC | Daling et al. (2005) [36] | 32/308 | 1.4 (0.3–6.9)† | CIS | Daling et al. (2005) [36] | 38/314 | 2.4 (0.7–8)† | IPC |
| Meta-analysis (random effects): OR = 3.04 (95% CI = 1.29–7.16) |
|
|
*Total cases/total participants; †Adjusted odds ratio presented in original study. IPC, invasive penile carcinoma; CIS, carcinoma in situ.
|