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Target animals | Disease antigens | Protein expressed | Plant host(s) | Expression approach | Findings | References |
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Mink | Mink enteritis virus | VP2 capsid protein | Black-eyed bean | CVPs using cowpea mosaic virus | Subcutaneous injection of 1 mg of the chimeric virus protected mink against clinical disease and challenge from the virulent virus. | [73] |
|
Rabbit |
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus |
VP60 protein | Potato, leaf | Stable transformation | Animals primed subcutaneously with 12 μg of recombinant protein emulsified in oil adjuvant and boosted intramuscularly after 30, 60, and 90 days were protected from challenge with the virulent virus. | [74] |
Potato, tuber | Stable transformation | Rabbits fed with 500 μg of recombinant protein and boosted on 21, 42, and 63 days after primary vaccination were partially protected from challenge with the virulent virus. | [75] |
|
Swine |
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus |
Envelope spike (S) protein |
Maize |
Stable transformation | Piglets fed with 2 mg S protein daily for 10 consecutive days prior to challenge showed fewer symptoms of infection than the control group vaccinated with commercial vaccine. | [66] |
Gilts previously primed with commercial vaccine and boosted orally two times, each with 26 mg S protein, showed a significant increase of TGEV neutralizing antibody titer in serum, colostrum, and milk. | [67] |
|
Cloven-hoofed animals | Foot-and-mouth disease virus | VP1 capsid protein | Chenopodium quinoa | CVPs using bamboo mosaic virus | Two intramuscular injections with 5 mg of chimeric virus in SPF pigs at six weeks apart induced neutralizing antibodies and demonstrated a complete protection against challenge. | [76] |
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Poultry | Newcastle disease virus | Fusion protein | Maize | Stable transformation | Oral feeding of transgenic maize was shown to be immunogenic and conferred complete protection against challenge comparable to that by a commercial vaccine to the chicken. | [68] |
Infectious bronchitis virus | S1 glycoprotein | Potato, tuber | Stable transformation | Day-old chicks fed orally with 57.2 μg of recombinant protein and boosted at 7 and 14 days after were protected from clinical disease and virus shedding upon challenge. | [57] |
Infectious bursal disease virus |
VP2 capsid protein | Rice seed | Stable transformation | Oral feeding with 10 mg of recombinant protein protected chicken from challenge with a highly virulent virus, showing a better bursal lesion score compared to chickens that received the live attenuated vaccine. | [69] |
Chenopodium quinoa | CVPs using bamboo mosaic virus | Intramuscular injection with 600 μg chimeric virus in oil adjuvant was shown to induce specific antibodies and protected SPF chickens upon challenge with a very virulent virus strain. | [77] |
Nicotiana benthamiana | Transient expression | Intramuscular injection with 12 μg of recombinant protein emulsified in oil adjuvant with booster doses given at 22 and 35 days later was shown to produce neutralizing antibodies in chickens, with reduced T-cell infiltration into the bursa of Fabricius upon challenge. | [78] |
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