Research Article
The Tree-Drawing Test (Koch’s Baum Test): A Useful Aid to Diagnose Cognitive Impairment
Table 3
Quantitative analysis of trees and significant differences between groups.
| | AD | FTD | VD | MCI | Controls | Controls versus | AD versus | FTD versus | VD versus | | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | AD | FTD | VD | MCI | FTD | VD | MCI | VD | MCI | MCI |
| MMSEc | 17.61 ± 3.89 | 18.68 ± 6.42 | 19.52 ± 3.28 | 26.09 ± 1.77 | 28.04 ± 1.42 | **** | **** | **** | **** | n.s. | *** | **** | n.s. | **** | **** | Trunk-to-crown ratio | 12.62 ± 7.59 | 12.75 ± 4.91 | 12.29 ± 6.12 | 11.04 ± 5.37 | 8.35 ± 3.72 | **** | ** | *** | *** | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | Crown ratio | 1.51 ± 0.61 | 1.63 ± 0.57 | 1.68 ± 0.73 | 1.53 ± 0.45 | 1.45 ± 0.48 | n.s. | n.s. | * | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | Tree size-relative-to-page space | 0.03 ± 0.03 | 0.13 ± 0.11 | 0.1 ± 0.68 | 0.08 ± 0.06 | 0.23 ± 0.19 | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | n.s. | **** | * | Tree height | 52.09 ± 24.04 | 109.89 ± 38.98 | 91.41 ± 28.35 | 80.77 ± 28.87 | 132.61 ± 57.81 | **** | ** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | * | **** | ** | Tree width | 35.86 ± 21.14 | 70 ± 39.08 | 65.43 ± 26.86 | 56.67 ± 25.6 | 96.57 ± 41.67 | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | n.s. | * | * | Trunk height | 26.64 ± 15.34 | 56.74 ± 22.83 | 45.87 ± 21.11 | 38.11 ± 17.71 | 52.73 ± 23.74 | **** | n.s. | n.s. | **** | **** | **** | **** | * | **** | * | Trunk width | 8.13 ± 7.25 | 13.58 ± 10.32 | 11.02 ± 7.99 | 9.85 ± 6.84 | 13.23 ± 7.78 | **** | n.s. | n.s. | ** | ** | * | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | Trunk’s tilt | 89.39 ± 8.79 | 86.89 ± 4.65 | 88.09 ± 5.64 | 89.59 ± 6.14 | 90.7 ± 4.21 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | Crown height | 23.86 ± 13.11 | 47.47 ± 21.12 | 41.04 ± 15.67 | 38.34 ± 16.47 | 72.46 ± 39.22 | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | n.s. | * | n.s. | Crown width | 34.71 ± 21.86 | 75.11 ± 39.53 | 64.8 ± 26.58 | 56.48 ± 25.54 | 95.91 ± 41.22 | **** | ** | **** | **** | **** | **** | **** | n.s. | ** | n.s. | Root height | 1.59 ± 4.63 | 5.68 ± 8.7 | 4.5 ± 8.45 | 4.31 ± 7.83 | 7.42 ± 13.34 | **** | n.s. | * | ** | * | * | * | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | Root width | 3.53 ± 12.13 | 15.84 ± 23.13 | 9.41 ± 16.48 | 9.33 ± 16.89 | 18.44 ± 32.19 | **** | n.s. | ** | **** | ** | n.s. | ** | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
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< 0.000; < 0.001; < 0.01; < 0.05; n.s.: not significative.
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