The Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on the Cognitive Functions in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study
Table 2
Trail Making Test score.
Participant
Trail Making Test
Baseline
After first baseline (A1)
After sham tDCS (B)
After tDCS (C)
After last baseline (A2)
Immediate effect (seconds) (C versus baseline)
After-effect (seconds) (A2 versus C)
tDCS versus sham tDCS (seconds) (C versus B)
1
Part A
58.82
58.45
51.53
44.48
55.69
−14.34
10.81
−6.82
Part B
109.74
87.22
67.7
60.52
67.45
−49.22
6.93
−7.18
2
Part A
38.46
38.4
32.92
41.34
28.03
2.88
−13.31
8.42
Part B
55.45
83.04
75.73
56.55
64.77
1.1
8.22
−7.31
3
Part A
26.35
22.68
22.91
20.86
15.53
−5.49
−5.53
−2.05
Part B
42
44.92
29.68
26.73
27.13
−15.87
0.4
−3.25
4
Part A
32.48
40.16
56.12
28.08
51.93
−4.4
23.85
−28.04
Part B
51.6
56.23
51.5
42.35
56.74
−9.25
14.39
−9.15
5
Part A
37.58
50.4
43.76
38.48
46.55
−0.9
8.07
−5.28
Part B
57.42
40.55
71.42
52.65
50.15
−4.77
−2.5
−18.77
Immediate effect (C versus baseline) is the gain in seconds after the application of tDCS compared with the baseline; after-effect (A2 versus C) is the maintenance or gain in seconds after tDCS withdrawal in phase C; tDCS versus sham tDCS (C versus B) is the comparison between tDCS and sham tDCS. A positive ratio implies decrement, a neutral ratio implies maintenance, and a negative ratio implies improvement in terms of time of completion.
