|
Level | Name | Objects | Properties |
|
11 | Consortia | Groups of cells | Cellular ecology |
|
10 | Cellular life | Individual cells | Darwinian evolution: vertical inheritance (reproduction), genetic and physiological variation, encapsulated autonomy |
|
9 | Hereditary compartments | Groups of polymers | Persistent, tractable identities based on diffusion-governed interactive behaviors |
|
8 | Polymer interaction networks | Polymers and molecules | Polymer catalysis and molecule-specific network feedback |
|
7 | Small polymers | Individual polymers (peptides, nucleotides, and phosphates) | Condensation reactions, nonspecific molecule coordination |
|
6 | Molecular thermodynamics | Groups of molecules | Heat capacity, diffusivity, convection, phase transitions |
|
5 | Molecular interaction networks | Groups of reactive molecules | Molecular interconversion, network feedback |
|
4 | Molecular dynamics | Individual molecules | Interatomic vibration and rotation, isomorphic states |
|
3 | Intramolecular bonds | Atoms and molecules | Valence electron movement, sharing, and displacement |
|
2 | Atomic | Individual atoms | Electron orbital structures, X-ray, and Cerenkov excitation and emission |
|
1 | Subatomic | Protons, neutrons, electrons, and so forth | Nuclear stability, fission/fusion, atomic interconversion, gamma ray emission |
|