Hereditary Angioedema and Gastrointestinal Complications: An Extensive Review of the Literature

Table 1

Gastrointestinal manifestations of Hereditary Angioedema.

Site	Clinical manifestation	Frequency (%)
Skin	Swelling and edema	97% [10]
Oropharynx	Laryngeal edema	0.9% [10]
	Tongue swelling	0.3% [10]
	Dysphagia	16% [34]
Abdomen	Nausea and vomiting	88% [34]
	Crampy and colicky abdominal pain	43–93% [12]
	Abdominal distention	72.8% [15]
	Ascites	30% [15]; 80% [35]
	Diarrhea	15% [36]; 65% [14]
Circulatory system	Hypovolemic shock	4.4% [15]
Less frequent presentation	Pancreatitis	Rare [13, 14, 37]
	Intussusception	Rare [13–15, 38]
	Tetany	Rare [15]
	Dysuria	Rare [39]