Inhaling Difluoroethane Computer Cleaner Resulting in Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Table 1

Characteristics of difluoroethane [1, 10].

	Difluoroethane Characteristics
Incidence	11% of high school students have used an inhalant at least one time
Pathophysiology	Absorbed into blood via the alveoli, and distributed to end organs (the brain, heart, and kidneys) where metabolites may accumulate. It is hypothesized that metabolites are either exhaled or renally cleared. Increased receptor affinity.
Symptoms	CNS depression and euphoria
Postulated Active Metabolites	Fluoroacetate, Fluorocitrate
Complications	Cardiomyopathy, Fatal Arrhythmias, Angioedema, Frostbite, Nephrotoxic