Association of Tobacco Smoking with Physical Fitness of Military Males in Taiwan: The CHIEF Study
Table 2
Difference in each exercise performance between current smoker and noncurrent smoker.
2 min push-ups (numbers)
2 min sit-ups (numbers)
3000 m running (seconds)
N
Mean ± SE
value
N
Mean ± SE
value
N
Mean ± SE
value
Unadjusted
Current smoker
1,366
48.21 ± 0.30
<0.0001
1,365
46.51 ± 0.15
0.0006
1,183
868.79 ± 2.09
<0.0001
Noncurrent smoker
2,275
49.55 ± 0.25
2,286
48.08 ± 0.23
2,113
854.94 ± 1.58
Model 1
Current smoker
1,361
48.46 ± 0.26
0.0031
1,360
46.59 ± 0.22
<0.0001
1,178
868.05 ± 2.09
<0.0001
Noncurrent smoker
2,261
49.72 ± 0.32
2,273
48.12 ± 0.18
2,102
854.04 ± 1.68
Model 2
Current smoker
1,361
48.27 ± 0.43
0.0014
1,360
46.28 ± 0.29
<0.0001
1,178
872.22 ± 2.74
<0.0001
Noncurrent smoker
2,260
49.59 ± 0.39
2,272
47.82 ± 0.26
2,101
856.59 ± 2.43
Mean (standard errors, SE) for each exercise performance estimated using analysis of covariance with adjustments for model 1 adjusted for age, heart rate, specialty, and alcohol drinking and model 2 adjusted for age, body mass index, heart rate, specialty, hypertension, alcohol drinking, and exercise frequency.
