VKAs should be continued if INR is in therapeutic range [17, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35] or <3 [29, 31] Local hemostatic agents were judged essential in most studies [17, 28–30, 35] NOACs: no RCTs or CCTs available yet Expert opinion: continue NOACs with caution with local hemostatic agents
VKAs: continue anticoagulation if INR is in therapeutic range [28, 33] with use of local hemostatic agents [28] Continue anticoagulation with NOACs [33]
VKAs must be continued if INR is in therapeutic range, with the use of local hemostatic agents [28] NOACs: no RCTs or CCTs available yet Expert opinion: continue NOACs with caution with local hemostatic agents
VKAs must be continued if INR is in the therapeutic range. No local hemostatic agents are needed [34] NOACs: no RCTs or CCTs available yet Expert opinion: continue NOACs with caution with local hemostatic agents
VKAs must be continued if INR is less than 3. No local hemostatic agents are needed [31] NOACs: no RCTs or CCTs available yet Expert opinion: NOACs must be continued along with local hemostatic agents
VKAs must be continued if INR is less than 3. No local hemostatic agents are needed [31] NOACs: no RCTs or CCTs available yet Expert opinion: NOACs must be continued along with the use of local hemostatic agents
Expert opinion: continue anticoagulation with caution with local hemostatic measures
The corresponding RCTs or CCTs deal only with the unique procedure cited above. The corresponding RCTs or CCTs deal with multiple procedures, among which one has been cited. RCT = randomized controlled trial; CCT = controlled clinical trial; VKAs = vitamin K antagonists; NOACs = novel oral anticoagulants; OAT = oral anticoagulation therapy.