Research Article
Sex Difference in Risk Factors, GRACE Scores, and Management among Post-Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in Sri Lanka
Table 1
Patient characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors and the management stratified by sex.
| | | Total | Men (%) | Women (%) | value | | Number | n = 2116 | n = 1242 (58.7) | n = 874 (41.3) | <0.001 |
| | Age (years) | 61.0 (12.6) | 60.2 (12.3) | 62.1 (12.9) | <0.001 | | Disease category | | | | | | STEMI | 608 (28.7) | 425 (34.2) | 183 (20.9) | <0.001 | | NSTEMI | 695 (32.8) | 427 (34.4) | 268 (30.7) | 0.073 | | UA | 813 (38.4) | 390 (31.4) | 423 (48.4) | <0.001 | | Smoking status | | | | | | Current smoker | 327 (15.4) | 315 (25.4) | 12 (1.4) | <0.001 | | Ex-smoker | 348 (16.4) | 334 (26.9) | 14 (1.6) | <0.001 | | Passive smoker | 75 (3.5) | 12 (0.9) | 63 (7.2) | <0.001 | | Never smoker | 864 (40.8) | 243 (19.6) | 621 (71.1) | <0.001 | | Known medical history | | | | | | Hypertension | 994 (45.6) | 492 (39.6) | 502 (57.4) | <0.001 | | Dyslipidemia | 358 (16.4) | 186 (15.0) | 172 (19.7) | 0.004 | | CHD | 370 (17.0) | 205 (16.5) | 165 (18.9) | 0.157 | | Diabetes | 615 (28.2) | 319 (25.6) | 296 (33.9) | <0.001 | | Physical and laboratory measurements | | | | | | BMI (kg/m2) | 23.4 (4.0) | 23.3 (3.6) | 23.4 (4.6) | 0.93 | | SBP (mmHg) | 136.7 (29.2) | 136.8 (28.8) | 136.5 (29.7) | 0.815 | | TC (mmol/L) | 199.8 (90.4) | 205.1 (109.5) | 191.2 (42.4) | 0.129 | | LDL-C (mmol/L) | 123.0 (38.3) | 129.1 (38.1) | 113.6 (37.1) | 0.008 | | FBS (mmol/L) | 120.7 (58.9) | 119.5 (53.2) | 122.4 (66.0) | 0.421 | | Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.2 (1.9) | 12.6 (2.0) | 11.5 (1.6) | <0.001 | | Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.17 (0.6) | 1.22 (0.6) | 1.07 (0.6) | <0.001 | | Medications (on admission) | | | | | | Aspirin | 441 (20.8) | 236 (19.0) | 205 (23.4) | 0.013 | | Clopidogrel | 332 (15.7) | 183 (14.7) | 149 (17.0) | 0.150 | | β-Blocker | 222 (10.5) | 120 (9.7) | 102 (11.7) | 0.138 | | ARB/ACE inhibitor | 539 (25.4) | 269 (21.6) | 270 (30.9) | <0.001 | | Stain | 552 (26.1) | 293 (23.6) | 259 (29.6) | 0.002 | | Medications (secondary prevention) | | | | | | Aspirin | 2065 (97.6) | 1216 (97.9) | 852 (97.5) | 0.519 | | Clopidogrel | 2065 (97.6) | 1218 (98.1) | 851 (97.4) | 0.283 | | β-Blocker | 616 (29.1) | 370 (29.8) | 246 (28.1) | 0.412 | | ARB/ACE inhibitor | 1162 (54.9) | 671 (54.0) | 491 (56.2) | 0.327 | | Stain | 2081 (98.3) | 1230 (99.0) | 861 (98.5) | 0.275 | | Management | | | | | | Reperfusion attempted | 437 (20.6) | 257 (20.7) | 180 (20.6) | 0.957 | | Dietary advices given | 1650 (78.0) | 946 (76.2) | 704 (80.5) | 0.017 | | Cardiac rehabilitation started | 759 (35.9) | 453 (36.5) | 306 (35.0) | 0.519 | | Angiogram done/planned | 239 (11.3) | 160 (12.9) | 79 (9.0) | 0.006 | | CABG done/planned | 52 (2.4) | 37 (3.0) | 15 (1.7) | 0.088 | | 2D-Echo done/planned | 1308 (61.8) | 804 (64.7) | 504 (57.7) | 0.001 | | TMT done/planned | 461 (21.8) | 265 (21.3) | 196 (22.4) | 0.550 | | Cardiology referral done/planned | 1281 (60.5) | 758 (61.0) | 532 (60.9) | 0.940 |
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Results are shown as mean (SD) for continuous variables and percentage (number of observations/nonmissing data) for categorical variables. STEMI, ST elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction; UA, unstable Angina; CHD, coronary heart disease; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBS, fasting blood sugar; ARB/ACEI, angiotensin II receptor blocker/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor: CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; TMT, treadmill stress testing.
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