Prevalence and Predictors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Youth at the Time of COVID-19: An Online Cross-Sectional Multicountry Study

Table 4

Linear regression model of independent variables that predict depression, anxiety, and stress.

	Unstandardised coefficient	Standardised coefficient				95% CI for
		SE				Lower bound	Upper bound
Model one: predictors of depression
Constant	-16.160	3.579		-4.515	<0.001	-16.160	3.579
Gender	2.451	0.678	0.106	3.613	<0.001	0.678	2.451
Family member with mental illness	5.357	1.563	0.104	3.427	0.001	5.357	1.563
Friend with mental illness	3.718	1.437	0.079	2.588	0.010	3.718	1.437
Exposed to person with COVID-19	5.883	2.674	0.065	2.200	0.028	5.883	2.674
Risk of having COVID-19	3.786	0.626	0.179	6.049	<0.001	3.786	0.626
Quarantined 14 days	1.456	0.686	0.062	2.122	0.034	1.456	0.686
Using the internet	0.254	0.061	0.122	4.149	<0.001	0.254	0.061
Model two: predictors of anxiety
Constant	-11.875	2.547		-4.663	<0.001	-16.873	-6.878
Gender	2.002	0.518	0.114	3.868	<0.001	0.987	3.018
Friend with mental illness	3.579	1.060	0.099	3.376	0.001	1.499	5.659
Exposed to person with COVID-19	5.870	2.047	0.085	2.868	0.004	1.853	9.886
Risk of having COVID-19	3.366	0.478	0.209	7.047	<0.001	2.429	4.303
Using the internet	0.162	0.047	0.102	3.466	0.001	0.070	0.254
Model three: predictors of stress
Constant	-12.188	2.471		-4.933	<0.001	-17.036	-7.339
Gender	3.077	0.668	0.134	4.605	<0.001	1.766	4.389
Family with mental illness	4.849	1.541	0.095	3.147	0.002	1.825	7.872
Friend with mental illness	3.887	1.419	0.083	2.740	0.006	1.103	6.670
Relative with COVID-19	2.154	0.801	0.078	2.688	0.007	0.582	3.727
Risk of having COVID-19	4.327	0.611	0.206	7.077	<0.001	3.128	5.527
Using the internet	0.275	0.061	0.133	4.540	<0.001	0.156	0.394