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| Study | Outcomes and methods used | Condition | Effect/result in comparison to control group and/or baseline |
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| Cardoso-de-Mello-e-Mello-Ribeiro et al., 2015 [6] | BP, HR, plasmatic catecholamine levels | Healthy adults | Dopamine: no significant change
Norepinephrine: no significant change
Epinephrine: no significant change
SBP: significant decrease in intervention group after treatment
DBP: significantly lower in intervention group with nonsignificant tendency in postintervention comparison
HR: nonsignificant lower values after intervention in comparison to baseline |
|
| Cutler et al., 2005 [12] | Multiple sleep latency test protocol, HR, BP, EEG, EOG, EMG,
postganglionic MSNA micrography | Healthy adults | More rapid sleep onset in the CV4 treatment group
MSNA: decrease in comparison to prestillpoint phase of CV4
HR and BP were not significantly different at any time points during all three trials |
|
| Hanten et al., 1999 [11] | Visual analog scale | Subjects with TTH | Significant improvement in the group treated with CV4 in comparison to the group with no treatment |
|
| Miana et al., 2013 [2] | EEG | Healthy adults | No significant differences between pre- and postabsolute power levels for the control and sham CV4 conditions
Significant increase in the alpha absolute power in CV4 group when compared to moments before and after treatment |
|
| Martins et al., 2015 [13] | EEG | Subjects with LBP | Modulation of the brain cortex electrical activity measured by EEG mean change in the peak alpha frequency |
|
| Milnes and Moran, 2007 [14] | Galvanic skin resistance, skin temperature, HRV, respiration rate | Healthy adults | Application of the CV4 technique had a minimal physiologic effect (not significant) in the autonomic variables recorded |
|
| Nelson et al., 2006 [15] | Laser transcutaneous blood flow meter | Healthy adults | The CV4 procedure specifically affected the low-frequency oscillations in blood flow velocity; after application, the amplitude of the THMO, 0.10 Hz, frequency wave increased |
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