Pounded and mixed with dried powdered roots of B. discolor and S. italica, and dried bark of P. africanum. Powered is poured in to the boiled water and steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
100
100
1
Pounded and mixed with dried powdered roots of A. erioloba, X. caffra, anddried bark of P. africanum. Taken orally with warm water
Asthma
1
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
Fruit
Fresh
Juice is squeezed (raw), dried. and pounded. Powder is poured in the hot water. Steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day
Asthma
137
Apiaceae
Alepidea amatymbica Eckl. & Zeyh. var. amatymbica
Lešokwane
Herb
Rhizome
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
11
7.8
100
0.07
Apocynaceae
Schizoglossum nitidum Schltr
Phenyokga
Herb
Root
Dry
Boiled (until water gains colour) and extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Asthma
2
1.4
66.6
0.02
Nasal congestion
1
0.7
33.3
Apocynaceae
Strophanthus speciosus (Ward & Harv.) Reber
Morarwane
Shrub
Root
Dry
Boiled for 6–12 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Asthma
15
10.7
100
0.10
Araceae
Stylochaeton natalensis Schott
Mokunya/ Mokušhete
Herb
Root
Dry
Boiled for 5 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Asthma
140
100
100
1
Araceae
Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng.
Mothebe
Herb
Root
Dry
Boiled for 5–6 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Asthma
7
5
100
0.05
Asphodelaceae
Aloe spp.
Thogo/ Marobadibogale
Shrub
Leaf
Fresh
Mixed with dried pounded leaf of D. senecioides. Boiled for 2 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Asthma
3
2.1
37.5
0.02
Macerated in warm for 3–24 hrs. Decoction is taken orally. Thrice a day
Fatigue
5
3.5
62.5
0.03
Asphodeloideae
Aloe falcata Baker
Sekgopha
Shrub
Leaf
Fresh
Macerated in warm water 2–5 hrs. Decoction is taken orally. Thrice a day
Fatigue
1
0.7
100
0.00
Asteraceae
Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. var. afra
Legana/ Moilanši
Herb
Leaf
Dry
Boiled for 3–7 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Wheezing
2
23.5
6
0.23
Mixed with fresh leaf of C. sativa. Boiled for 5 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Asthma
8
17.8
75.7
Pounded and mixed with dried powered bark of P. africanum. Taken orally with Syrup®. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
Boiled for 4–5 minutes. Steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day
Asthma
16
Nasal congestion
6
4.2
18.1
Asteraceae
Callilepis laureola DC.
Phela/Hlonya/ Makuru/Pedipekanto
Herb
Root
Dry
Boiled for 4–6 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Asthma
10
9.2
86.6
0.10
Pounded and mixed with dried powdered root of Z. capense. Taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
Mixed with fresh leaf of C. edulis. Boiled for 5 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
Pounded and mixed with dried powered root of L. javanica. Boiled for 4 minutes. Steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
Boiled for 7–9 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Fatigue
1
1.4
13.3
Pounded and mixed with dried powered whole plants of H. caespititium, leaves of L. javanica and T. dioica, and root of O. lanceolata. Taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Fatigue
1
Asteraceae
Dicoma anomala subsp. gerrardii
Phelana/ Makušwaneng
Herb
Root
Dry
Boiled for 5–8 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day Or Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
3
2.1
100
0.02
Asteraceae
Helichrysum caespititium (DC.) Harv.
Bokgatha
Herb
Whole plant
Dry
Pounded and mixed with dried powdered roots of C. laureola and O. lanceolata, leaves of L. javanica and T. dioica. Taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Fatigue
1
0.7
100
0.00
Asteraceae
Helichrysum gymnocomum DC.
Mpepho
Herb
Whole plant
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
2
1.4
100
0.01
Asteraceae
Pseudognaphalium luteo- album (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Unknown
Herb
Leaf
Dry
Boiled for 5 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Fatigue
2
1.4
100
0.01
Asteraceae
Psiadia punctulata (DC.) Vatke
Lesotlane/ Monotletšane/lesodi
Shrub
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
7
5
53.8
0.05
Boiled for 5–7 minutes. Steam is inhaled under (nasally) blanket. Thrice a day
Nasal congestion
6
4.2
46.1
0.04
Asteraceae
Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Kuntze ex Thell.
Šathume/ Mošašane/Seralane
Herb
Whole plant
Fresh
Pounded and mixed with dried powdered root of P. grandiflora. Powder is poured in the boiled water. Steam inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
0.7
100
0.00
Asteraceae
Senecio serratuloides DC.
Legatuludi
Shrub
Leaf
Dry
Boiled for 5 minutes. Steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day
Asthma
4
2.8
33.3
0.18
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Fatigue
4
2.8
33.3
Wheezing
4
2.8
33.3
Asteraceae
Vernonia natalensis Sch.Bip. e x Walp.
Mošuhla
Herb
Leaf
Leaf
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
14
19.2
51.8
0.19
Boiled for 3–8 minutes and steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day
Nasal congestion
12
9.2
48.1
Boiled for 5–13 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Nasal congestion
1
Cactaceae
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.
Motloro
Tree
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
0.7
100
0.00
Canellaceae
Warburgia salutaris (G.Bertol.) Chiov.
Molaka
Tree
Bark
Dry
Boiled for 4–11 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Asthma
4
2.8
36.3
0.07
Wheezing
7
5
63.6
Cannabaceae
Cannabis sativa L. var. indica (Lam.) Wehmer
Lebake/Patše
Herb
Leaf
Fresh
Mixed with dried leaf of A. afra. Boiled for 5 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Asthma
8
5.7
42.1
0.13
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Tight chest
11
7.8
57.8
Capparaceae
Maerua juncea Pax subsp. crustata (Wild) Wild
Diragadibonwe
Shrub
Root
Dry
Boiled for 5 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Asthma
3
2.1
50
0.02
Mixed with fresh bulb of D. elata, dried bark of C. abbreviata. Boiled for 6 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Fatigue
1
2.1
50
0.02
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Fatigue
2
Celastraceae
Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl.
Lehlatse/Lewang/ Molomomonate
Tree
Root
Dry
Boiled for 5 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Fatigue
1
0.7
100
0.00
Convolvulaceae
Ipomoea albivenia (Lindl.) Sweet
Mošope
Shrub
Root
Dry
Boiled for 4–5 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
0.7
100
0.00
Crassulaceae
Kalanchoe brachyloba Welw. ex Britten
Moethi/ Mošimanewanaga/ Moritšikana
Shrub
Leaf
Fresh
Rubbed (raw) between hands and vapour is inhaled (nasally). Thrice a day
Nasal congestion
13
9.2
100
0.09
Cucurbitaceae
Cucumis metuliferus E.Mey. ex Naudin
Tšhitšhi
Herb
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
4
2.8
100
0.02
Cyperaceae
Cyperus sexangularisNees
Mohlahla
Herb
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
7
5
10.7
0.46
Fatigue
58
41.4
89.2
Dioscoreaceae
Dioscorea sylvatica Eckl. var. brevipes (Burtt Davy) Burkill
Kgato
Herb
Tuber
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
10
7.1
100
0.07
Euphorbiaceae
Croton gratissimus Burch. var. gratissimus
Moolologa/ Selogane
Tree
Root
Dry
Boiled for 6–10 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Asthma
12
8.5
48
0.17
Wheezing
8
5.7
32
Or
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Boiled for 9 minutes. Steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day
Nasal congestion
5
3.5
20
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia schinzii Pax
Ngaka-dianya
Herb
Root
Dry
Boiled for 5–8 minutes. Steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day
Asthma
19
13.5
100
0.13
Euphorbiaceae
Jatropha zeyheri Sond.
Sephapabadiya
Herb
Root
Dry
Boiled for 5 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
0.7
100
0.00
Euphorbiaceae
Tragia dioica Sond.
Bogopa/ Mabatšane
Herb
Leaf
Dry
Pounded and mixed with dried powered whole plant of H. caespititium, leaf of L. javanica, and roots of O. lanceolata and C. laureola. Taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Fatigue
1
0.7
100
0.00
Fabaceae
Acacia erioloba E.Mey.
Mogohlo/ Mošu
Tree
Root
Dry
Pounded and mixed with dried powdered bark of P. africanum and S. birrea and root of X. caffra. Taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
0.7
100
0.00
Fabaceae
Acacia sieberiana DC. var. woodii (Burtt Davy) Keay & Brenan
Mošu
Tree
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
0.7
100
0.00
Fabaceae
Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. var. rostrata Brenan
Mokgaripe
Tree
Root
Dry
Boiled for 6–11 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Asthma
2
1.4
100
0.01
Fabaceae
Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach.) W.Wight var. Adianthifolia
Mafahla-nare
Tree
Root
Dry
Boiled for 5–12 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day Or Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Mixed with fresh bulb of E. autumnalis. Boiled for 6 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Fatigue
1
0.7
100
0.00
Fabaceae
Erythrina lysistemon Hutch.
Sebalo/ Mmale
Tree
Bark
Dry
Boiled for 5–8 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Wheezing
10
7.1
100
0.07
Fabaceae
Peltophorum africanum Sond.
Mosehla
Tree
Bark
Dry
Pounded and mixed with dried powered leaf of A. afra. Taken orally with Syrup®. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
2.1
21.4
0.1
Pounded and mixed with a dried powdered root of B. discolor and S. italica and dried bark of S. birrea. Powder is poured in to the boiled water and steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
Pounded and mixed with dried powdered roots of A. erioloba, X. caffra, and dried bark of S. birrea. Taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
Boiled for 5–11 minutes. Extracts taken orally. Thrice a day
Fatigue
10
7.8
78.5
Root
Pounded and mixed with dried powdered stem of A. spinosa and a root of E. burkei. Taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Fatigue
1
Fabaceae
Senna italica Mill. subsp. arachoides (Burch.) Lock
Moroteladitšhoši
Herb
Root
Dry
Pounded and mixed with dried powdered roots of B. discolor, dried bark of S. birrea and P. africanum. Powder is poured in to the boiled water and steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
6.4
100
0.06
Boiled for 4–8 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Asthma
8
Gentianaceae
Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A. Raynal subsp. Axillare
Makgonotšohle/ Mphedu-ya-thaba
Herb
Whole plant
Dry
Boiled for 5–14 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day. Or Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day.
Asthma
140
100
100
1
Hyacinthaceae
Drimia elata Jacq.
Sekanama
Herb
Bulb
Fresh
Mixed with dried root of M. juncea, dried bark of C. abbreviata. Boiled for 6 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day.
Fatigue
1
0.7
8.3
0.08
Boiled for 6 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day.
Fatigue
3
2.1
25
Wheezing
4
2.8
33.3
Boiled for 5 minutes. Steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day.
Asthma
4
2.8
33.3
Hyacinthaceae
Eucomis autumnalis (Mill.) Chitt.
Mathubadifala
Herb
Bulb
Fresh
Boiled for 5 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day.
Nasal congestion
8
5.7
88.8
0.05
Mixed with dried root of E. goetzei. Boiled for 6 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day.
Fatigue
1
0.7
11.1
0.00
Hyacinthaceae
Eucomispallidiflora Baker subsp. pole-evansii (N.E.Br.) Reyneke ex J.C.Manning
Mathubadifala
Herb
Bulb
Fresh
Boiled for 5–8 minutes. Steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day.
Nasal congestion
11
7.8
52.2
0.15
Boiled for 5–10 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day.
Mixed with fresh bulb of S. aethiopicus. Boiled for 5 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day.
Asthma
1
10
77.7
0.12
Boiled for 5–12 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day.
Asthma
13
Fatigue
4
2.8
22.2
Hypoxidaceae
Hypoxis obtusa Burch. ex Ker Gawl.
Monna maledu
Herb
Tuber
Fresh
Boiled for 4–7 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day.
Fatigue
2
1.4
100
0.01
Icacinaceae
Cassinopsis ilicifolia (Hochst.) Kuntze
Mohufi/Mohufe
Tree
Root
Dry
Boiled for 5–7 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day.
Fatigue
2
1.4
100
0.01
Icacinaceae
Pyrenacantha grandiflora Baill.
Bjere
Shrub
Root
Dry
Pounded and mixed with dried powdered entire plant of S. pinnata. Powder is poured in the boiled water. Steam inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day.
Asthma
1
0.7
100
0.01
Kirkiaceae
Kirkia wilmsii Engl.
Modumela/ mogaba
Tree
Bark
Fresh
Boiled for minutes. Steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day.
Asthma
2
1.4
66.6
0.02
Nasal congestion
1
0.7
33.3
Lamiaceae
Clerodendrum glabrum E.Mey. var. angustifolium E.Mey.
Mohlokohloko
Tree
Leaf
Fresh
Boiled for 5–8 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day.
Asthma
4
2.8
100
0.02
Lamiaceae
Clerodendrum ternatum Schinz
Sebokane
Herb
Whole plant
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day.
Asthma
140
100
100
1
Lamiaceae
Leonotis leonurus (L.) R.Br.
Lebake
Shrub
Root or leaf
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day.
Asthma
14
10
100
0.1
Lauraceae
Cryptocarya transvaalensis Burtt Davy
Kgosupsa
Tree
Bark
Dry
Boiled for 5–9 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day.
Asthma
140
100
100
1
Malvaceae
Abutilon galpinii A. Meeuse
Mmotša
Shrub
Root
Dry
Boiled for 5–8 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day.
Asthma
5
3.5
100
0.03
Malvaceae
Adansonia digitata
Mogoo
Tree
Root
Dry
Boiled for 6–10 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day.
Fatigue
68
48.5
100
0.48
Malvaceae
Dombeya rotundifolia (Hochst.) Planch. var. rotundifolia
Mokgoba
Tree
Root
Dry
Pounded and extract is taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day.
Fatigue
3
2.1
100
0.02
Malvaceae
Gossypium herbaceum L. subsp. africanum (Watt) Vollesen
Katluni/Leokodi/ Mohlare-wa-mawisi
Shrub
Root
Dry
Pounded and extract is taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day.
Asthma
70
50
100
0.5
Malvaceae
Grewia hispida Harv.
Mogwete/ Mogolori/Lefielo
Shrub
Root
Dry
Pounded and extract is taken orally. Thrice a day.
Nasal congestion
2
1,4
100
0.01
Malvaceae
Grewia sulcata Mast. var. sulcata
Mogwete/Mogoto
Tree
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day.
Asthma
2
1.4
100
0.01
Malvaceae
Sida cordifolia L.
Mohutasela
Shrub
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day.
Asthma
3
2.1
100
0.02
Mesembryanthemaceae
Carpobrotus edulis (L.) L. Bolus subsp. edulis
Mošhipse
Herb
Leaf
Fresh
Chewed (orally) as raw and juice is swallowed. Thrice a day
Asthma
3
2.8
100
0.02
Mixed with dried root of C. laureola. Boiled for 5 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day.
Asthma
1
Moringaceae
Moringa oleifera sensu Exell & Mendon
Moringka
Tree
Leaf
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Fatigue
17
12.1
100
0.12
Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh
Mopilikomo
Tree
Bark
Dry
Boiled for 5 minutes. Steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
0.7
100
0.00
Olacaceae
Ximenia caffra Sond. var. natalensis Sond.
Motšhidi-kgomo
Tree
Root
Dry
Pounded and mixed with dried powdered roots of A. A. erioloba, dried bark of P. africanum and S. birrea. Taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
5.7
100
0.05
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
7
Oleaceae
Olea europaea L. subsp. africana (Mill.) P. S. Green
Mohlware/ Mo-olive
Tree
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
4
3.5
100
0.03
Boiled for 8 minutes and extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
Punicaceae
Panica granatum L.
Mokgarenate
Tree
Fruit scale
Fresh
Chew as raw (orally). Thrice a day
Asthma
1
0.7
100
0.00
Passifloraceae
Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy subsp. fruticosa
Mopowane
Shrub
Root
Dry
Boiled for 5–13 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Asthma
9
9.2
69.2
0.09
Boiled for 6 minutes. Extract is used topically as bath. Thrice a day
Fatigue
4
2.8
30.7
Passifloraceae
Adenia spinosa Burtt Davy
Monna-apare/ Pisayabatšumi/ Mothema
Shrub
Stem
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
25
17.8
30.4
0.58
Fatigue
56
40.7
69.5
Pounded and mixed with dried powdered roots of E. burkei and P. africanum. Taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Fatigue
1
Pedaliaceae
Dicerocaryum senecioides (Klotzsch) Abels
Momphati
Herb
Leaf
Dry
Pounded and mixed with fresh leaf of Aloe spp.Boiled for 2 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Asthma
3
2.1
100
0.02
Plumbaginaceae
Plumbago zeylanica L.
Mašimabe/ Mašegomabe
Shrub
Root
Dry
Boiled for 6–13 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Pounded and taken orally with Mageu® drink or soft porridge. Thrice a day
Fatigue
6
4.2
100
0.04
Poaceae
Zea mays subsp. mays L.
Mabele
Herb
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
0.7
100
0.00
Polygalaceae
Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen. var. longepedunculata
Mphesu/ Mpitlamarago
Tree
Root
Dry
Boiled for 5–10 minutes. Steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day
Asthma
2
1.4
100
0.01
Proteaceae
Protea caffra Meisn. subsp. caffra
Modumela
Tree
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
8
5.7
88.8
0.06
Fatigue
1
0.7
11.1
Ptaeroxylaceae
Ptaeroxylon obliquum (Thunb.) Radlk.
Mogabaletswana
Tree
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
25
17.8
100
0.17
Rhamnaceae
Berchemia discolor (Klotzsch) Hemsl.
Moneyee/ Mogokgoma
Tree
Root
Dry
Pounded and mixed with powdered dried bark of S. birrea and P. africanum and dried root of S. italica. Powder is poured in boiled water and steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
0.7
100
0.00
Rhamnaceae
Ziziphus mucronata Willd. subsp. mucronata
Mokgalo
Tree
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
0.7
100
0.00
Rutaceae
Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f.
Moswiri
Tree
Fruit
Fresh
Boiled for 4-5 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Tight chest
2
1.4
100
0.01
Rutaceae
Vepris reflexa I. Verd.
Pharagobe
Tree
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Fatigue
2
1.4
100
0.01
Rutaceae
Zanthoxylum capense (Thunb.) Harv.
Monokwane/ Moregakgaka
Tree
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Wheezing
7
5
53.8
0.09
Asthma
5
3.5
46.1
Pounded and mixed with dried powdered root of C. laureola. Taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
0.7
Santalaceae
Osyris lanceolata Hochst. & Steud.
Mphera
Tree
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
14
11.4
87.5
0.11
Pounded and mixed with dried powdered root of W. somnifera. Taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Laboured breathing
1
0.7
6.2
Pounded and mixed with dried powdered root of C. laureola and O. lanceolata, whole plant of H. caespititium, and leaves of L. javanica and T. dioica. Taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Fatigue
1
0.7
6.2
Sapindaceae
Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. var. angustifolia (L.f.) Benth.
Mofentshe
Tree
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Laboured breathing
1
0.7
100
0.00
Sapotaceae
Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T. D. Penn.
Mohlatshwa
Tree
Root
Dry
Boiled for 5 minutes. Steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day
Asthma
3
2.1
100
0.02
Sapotaceae
Mimusops obovata Nees ex Sond.
Mmupudu
Tree
Root
Dry
Mixed with (spider’s web). Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
140
100
100
1
Scrophulariaceae
Buddleja salvifolia (L.) Lam
Moketla
Shrub
Root
Dry
Boiled for 5–10 minutes. Steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day
Asthma
3
2.1
100
0.02
Solanaceae
Solanum catombelense Peyr.
Mothola-o- momokhwibidu
Herb
Whole plant
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
2
1.4
100
0.01
Solanaceae
Solanum panduriforme E.Mey.
Mothola-o- moserolwane
Herb
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
3
2.1
100
0.02
Solanaceae
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal
Mošalašupeng
Shrub
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Fatigue
6
4.2
85.7
0.04
Pounded and mixed with dried powdered root of O. lanceolata. Taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Laboured breathing
1
0.7
14.2
0.00
Thymelaeaceae
Lasiosiphon caffer Meisn.
Nkekologe
Shrub
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
140
100
100
1.12
Tight chest
17
12.1
10.8
Velloziaceae
Xerophyta retinervis Baker
Thuse
Herb
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
4
2.8
100
0.02
Verbenaceae
Lantana rugosa Thunb.
Bokokotane/ mokokotane
Shrub
Leaf
Fresh
Boiled for 5–10 minutes. Steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day
Asthma
5
3.5
100
0.03
Verbenaceae
Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng
Mošunkwane/ motlaba-dipoo
Shrub
Leaf
Fresh
Pounded and mixed with dried powdered root of C. laureola. Boiled for 4 minutes and steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
7.1
55.5
0.12
Boiled for 5–13 minutes. Steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day
Asthma
9
Dry
Pounded and mixed with dried powdered roots of C. laureola and O. lanceolata, whole plant of H. caespititium, and leaf of T. dioica. Taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Fatigue
1
0.7
5.5
Fresh
Boiled for 5–14 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Laboured breathing
2
1.4
11.1
Boiled for 5–10 minutes. Steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket. Thrice a day
Nasal congestion
1
0.7
5.5
Boiled for 5 minutes. Steam is inhaled (nasally) under blanket, but while eyes open. Thrice a day
Wheezing
4
2.8
22.2
Vitaceae
Rhoicissus tomentosa (Lam.) Wild & R. B. Drumm.
Terebe-ya- nageng
Herb
Root
Dry
Pounded and taken orally with warm water. Thrice a day
Asthma
4
2.8
100
0.02
Zingiberaceae
Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf.) B. L. Burtt
Serokolo
Herb
Bulb
Fresh
Mixed with fresh bulb of H. hemerocallidea. Boiled for 5 minutes. Extract is taken orally. Thrice a day
Asthma
1
0.7
100
0.00
Exotic plant species: asterisk ; fidelity level: FL; use mention: UM; and use value: UV.