Graphene-Based Membrane Technology: Reaching Out to the Oil and Gas Industry

Table 1

Overview of the main characteristics of single-layer graphene membranes experimentally investigated for water filtration.

Membrane	Porosity control	Mean pore size (nm)	Rejection (%)	Ref.
Single-layer graphene on porous polymeric supports	Intrinsic defects of SLG	1–15	46–71 (KCl, AR, TMAC, TMRD)	[46]
	Ion bombardment + chemical etching	0.40	65–100 (KCl, AR)	[25]
	Sealing of intrinsic defects + ion bombardment + chemical etching	0.16	70–90 (MgSO4, AR, TMRD)	[49]
	Sealing of intrinsic defects	N/A	∼67 (KCl)	[66]
		N/A	∼84 (KCl)
Single-layer graphene on SiN chip	O2 plasma etching	0.5–1	∼100 (KCl)	[44]