The Rheology and Performance of Geothermal Spring Water-Based Drilling Fluids

Table 1

Chemical properties of geothermal spring water samples and distilled water sample.

Chemical parameters	Samples
	gs1	gs2	gs3	gs4	dwl
pH	7.41	7.72	8.33	7.64	8.10
Specific conductivity (μS/cm)	6714	3015.5	2028	1805	10.49
K^+ (mg/L)	98.8	26	33.2	34	—
Na^+ (mg/L)	1215	256	423	363	1.42
NH4 (mg/L)	<0.1	1.28	1.92	1.82	—
Ca^2+ (mg/L)	97	287	22.4	28.8	0
Mg^2+ (mg/L)	17.5	34.3	0.72	8.64	0
As(T) (mg/L)	—	<0.05	—	—	0
B(T) (mg/L)	5.6	0.2	15.1	12.3	0
Li^+ (mg/L)	1.5	—	1.05	0.98	—
SiO2 (mg/L)	81	56	203	187	—
CO2 (mg/L)	0.5	7.47	—	—	—
HCO3^- (mg/L)	7.6	245	580	626	—
CO3^2- (mg/L)	<10	<10	90	0.0	—
SO4^2- (mg/L)	432	839	139	141	1
Cl^- (mg/L)	1670	325	216	196	0.34
F^- (mg/L)	—	<0.1	—	—	—
NO2^- (mg/L)	—	<0.1	<0.05	<0.05	0
NO3^- (mg/L)	—	12.4	4.1	3.7	—
Salinity (ppt)	—	—	1.0	0.9	—
TDS (mg/L)	—	—	1504	1390	—
Fe(T) (mg/L)	—	—	0.46	0.475	0