Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Groundwater in the Luan River Catchment within the North China Plain

Table 1

The toxicities of some heavy metals [15].

Heavy metals	Toxicities
Arsenic	Skin manifestations, visceral cancers, and vascular disease
Cadmium	Kidney damage, renal disorder, and human carcinogen
Chromium	Headache, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and carcinogenic
Copper	Liver damage, Wilson disease, and insomnia
Nickel	Dermatitis, nausea, chronic asthma, coughing, and human carcinogen
Zinc	Depression, lethargy, neurological signs, and increased thirst
Lead	Damage the fetal brain; diseases of the kidneys, circulatory system, and nervous system
Mercury	Rheumatoid arthritis and diseases of the kidneys, circulatory system, and nervous system