Research Article
An Exposure Assessment of Arsenic and Other Trace Elements in Ha Nam Province, Northern Vietnam
Table 2
Concentrations of arsenic and other trace elements in groundwater, rice, and human samples collected from Ha Nam province, Northern Vietnam.
| Sample | Cu | Pb | Cd | Zn | Co | B | Se | Mo | Mn | Sb | Cr | As | Ba | Fe |
| Groundwater (µg/L) | n | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | Mean | 3.74 | 0.28 | 0.13 | 19.8 | 0.63 | 572 | 1.2 | 1970 | 40.8 | 25.7 | 5.31 | 109 | 2385 | 3335 | Median | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.1 | 0.42 | 503 | 1.18 | 1632 | 27.9 | 5.2 | 5.31 | 89.9 | 154 | 495 | Range | <0.01–134 | <0.01–6.56 | <0.01–5.38 | <0.01–271 | <0.005–4.05 | <0.01–2160 | <0.02–2.97 | 149–8560 | <0.01–257 | <0.1–180 | 2.62–9.55 | 1.12–467 | 0.47–91580 | 16.8–24770 | SD | 20.506 | 1.098 | 0.819 | 56.248 | 0.731 | 534 | 0.754 | 1712 | 49.8 | 44.3 | 1.76 | 108.9 | 13930 | 5343 |
| Rice (µg/g) | n | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | Mean | 4.93 | 5.55 | 0.09 | 172 | 0.03 | 0.84 | 0.42 | 82.9 | 1.68 | 13.8 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 4.9 | 21.3 | Median | 4.31 | 1.05 | 0.05 | 113 | 0.01 | 0.22 | 0.3 | 54.7 | 0.99 | 7.08 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 2.82 | 16.4 | Range | <0.01–18.3 | (<0.01–90.7) | (0.05–0.29) | 3.20–661 | <0.005–0.14 | <0.01–9.92 | 0.07–2.68 | <0.01–247 | <0.01–4.66 | <0.1–58.5 | <0.01–0.5 | 0.05–0.33 | 0.23–25.0 | 3.44–102 | SD | 32.6 | 19.1 | 0.09 | 152 | 0.04 | 2.1 | 0.52 | 61.6 | 1.54 | 16.5 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 5.88 | 20.4 |
| Urine (µg/g creatinine) | n | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | Mean | 1.28 | <0.01 | 0.12 | 34.1 | 0.05 | 2625 | 2.37 | 25240 | 0.41 | 1.58 | 4.07 | 5.12 | 1.06 | 15.8 | Median | 0.75 | <0.01 | 0.05 | 14.1 | 0.02 | 1084 | 1.21 | 11050 | 0.03 | 0.96 | 2.78 | 2.74 | 0.19 | 6.89 | Range | 0.07–8.83 | <0.01 | (<0.01–0.84) | 0.50–256 | <0.005–0.53 | 281–14392 | <0.02–13.7 | 2236–227300 | <0.01–7.59 | <0.1–7.60 | 0.55–16.8 | 0.70–28.1 | 0.03–16.9 | 2.01–103 | SD | 1.68 | <0.01 | 0.16 | 47 | 0.1 | 3389 | 3.54 | 44580 | 1.33 | 1.66 | 4.01 | 5.47 | 2.85 | 20.5 |
| Hair (µg/g) | n | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | Mean | 16.40 | 5.45 | 0.46 | 321 | 0.14 | 0.03 | 4.68 | 93.70 | 4.47 | 73.20 | 0.29 | 0.59 | 10.40 | 47.50 | Median | 8.48 | 1.26 | 0.20 | 207 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.55 | 76.40 | 3.89 | 24.20 | 0.10 | 0.42 | 8.71 | 37.50 | Range | 3.46–164 | (<0.01–132) | (<0.01–3.89) | 104–1134 | <0.005–1.44 | <0.01–0.43 | 0.21–125 | <0.01–287 | 0.26–34.4 | <0.01–694 | <0.01–2.90 | 0.10–2.50 | <0.01–46.7 | 8.1–144 | SD | 29.9 | 21.8 | 0.8 | 261.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 20.8 | 67.8 | 5.7 | 155.0 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 9.9 | 29.7 |
| Serum (µg/g creatinine) | n | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | Mean | 127 | 108 | 8.92 | 3161 | 2.36 | 0.43 | 9.54 | 1681 | 15.6 | 1531 | 4.95 | 187 | 124 | 2223 | Median | 103 | 24.4 | 4.3 | 2469 | 0.69 | 0.13 | 8.87 | 1388 | 6.16 | 387 | 2.19 | 147 | 37.3 | 1861 | Range | 5.76–282 | <0.01–2149 | 0.41–77.5 | 239–6395 | 0.16–18.5 | <0.01–5.15 | 3.40–16.5 | <0.01–4445 | <0.01–214 | <0.1–13724 | <0.01–35.3 | 22.5–482 | 2.72–1108 | 434–6958 | SD | 70.4 | 387 | 14.9 | 2350 | 4.33 | 0.99 | 3.19 | 1243 | 39.2 | 3150 | 8.36 | 138 | 238 | 1502 |
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