An Exposure Assessment of Arsenic and Other Trace Elements in Ha Nam Province, Northern Vietnam

Table 2

Concentrations of arsenic and other trace elements in groundwater, rice, and human samples collected from Ha Nam province, Northern Vietnam.

Sample	Cu	Pb	Cd	Zn	Co	B	Se	Mo	Mn	Sb	Cr	As	Ba	Fe
Groundwater (µg/L)
n	42	42	42	42	42	42	42	42	42	42	42	42	42	42
Mean	3.74	0.28	0.13	19.8	0.63	572	1.2	1970	40.8	25.7	5.31	109	2385	3335
Median	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.1	0.42	503	1.18	1632	27.9	5.2	5.31	89.9	154	495
Range	<0.01–134	<0.01–6.56	<0.01–5.38	<0.01–271	<0.005–4.05	<0.01–2160	<0.02–2.97	149–8560	<0.01–257	<0.1–180	2.62–9.55	1.12–467	0.47–91580	16.8–24770
SD	20.506	1.098	0.819	56.248	0.731	534	0.754	1712	49.8	44.3	1.76	108.9	13930	5343
Rice (µg/g)
n	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21
Mean	4.93	5.55	0.09	172	0.03	0.84	0.42	82.9	1.68	13.8	0.08	0.09	4.9	21.3
Median	4.31	1.05	0.05	113	0.01	0.22	0.3	54.7	0.99	7.08	0.06	0.08	2.82	16.4
Range	<0.01–18.3	(<0.01–90.7)	(0.05–0.29)	3.20–661	<0.005–0.14	<0.01–9.92	0.07–2.68	<0.01–247	<0.01–4.66	<0.1–58.5	<0.01–0.5	0.05–0.33	0.23–25.0	3.44–102
SD	32.6	19.1	0.09	152	0.04	2.1	0.52	61.6	1.54	16.5	0.12	0.06	5.88	20.4
Urine (µg/g creatinine)
n	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29
Mean	1.28	<0.01	0.12	34.1	0.05	2625	2.37	25240	0.41	1.58	4.07	5.12	1.06	15.8
Median	0.75	<0.01	0.05	14.1	0.02	1084	1.21	11050	0.03	0.96	2.78	2.74	0.19	6.89
Range	0.07–8.83	<0.01	(<0.01–0.84)	0.50–256	<0.005–0.53	281–14392	<0.02–13.7	2236–227300	<0.01–7.59	<0.1–7.60	0.55–16.8	0.70–28.1	0.03–16.9	2.01–103
SD	1.68	<0.01	0.16	47	0.1	3389	3.54	44580	1.33	1.66	4.01	5.47	2.85	20.5
Hair (µg/g)
n	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35
Mean	16.40	5.45	0.46	321	0.14	0.03	4.68	93.70	4.47	73.20	0.29	0.59	10.40	47.50
Median	8.48	1.26	0.20	207	0.05	0.01	0.55	76.40	3.89	24.20	0.10	0.42	8.71	37.50
Range	3.46–164	(<0.01–132)	(<0.01–3.89)	104–1134	<0.005–1.44	<0.01–0.43	0.21–125	<0.01–287	0.26–34.4	<0.01–694	<0.01–2.90	0.10–2.50	<0.01–46.7	8.1–144
SD	29.9	21.8	0.8	261.0	0.3	0.1	20.8	67.8	5.7	155.0	0.6	0.5	9.9	29.7
Serum (µg/g creatinine)
n	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29
Mean	127	108	8.92	3161	2.36	0.43	9.54	1681	15.6	1531	4.95	187	124	2223
Median	103	24.4	4.3	2469	0.69	0.13	8.87	1388	6.16	387	2.19	147	37.3	1861
Range	5.76–282	<0.01–2149	0.41–77.5	239–6395	0.16–18.5	<0.01–5.15	3.40–16.5	<0.01–4445	<0.01–214	<0.1–13724	<0.01–35.3	22.5–482	2.72–1108	434–6958
SD	70.4	387	14.9	2350	4.33	0.99	3.19	1243	39.2	3150	8.36	138	238	1502