Link between Aluminum and the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: The Integration of the Aluminum and Amyloid Cascade Hypotheses
Figure 4
Aggregation of AP by Al and other metals. (A) Immunoblotting of AP preincubated with Al and other metals. The solutions of AP(1–40) were incubated at 37°C for 24 h with or without 1 mM of various metals, and were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting using an antibody to AP. Each lane contained 4 g AP(1–40). Lane a: control, b: AlCl3, c: ZnCl2, d: CuCl2, e: FeCl3, f: CdCl2, Modified from [134]. (B) Deposition of AP on surfaces of cultured neurons. Solutions of AP(1–40) preincubated at 37°C for 24 h (a), with 1 mM AlCl3 (b), or 1 mM ZnCl2 (c) were applied to cultured rat cortical neurons. After 2 days of exposure, cells were washed and double immunostained with a polyclonal antibody to AP (green) and a monoclonal antibody to MAP2 (red), and observed by laser confocal microscope. Scale bar: 50 μm, modified from [64].
