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Name of the code | Started | Developer | Aerodynamic model | Structural model | Description |
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GH Bladed | 1996 | Garrad Hassan and Partners Ltd | BEM theory | Modal approach | Since 1999 this tool extended for offshore application with monopile or gravity-based foundations. The late version is capable of modeling and analyzing both onshore and offshore wind turbine with variety of support specification. |
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HAWC2 | 2003–2006 | Risø National Laboratory Technical University of Denmark | BEM theory | Multibody dynamics | It is a successor for HAWEC tool (which utilizes FE method using substructure approach with Timoshenko-beam elements for structural modeling); HAWEC2 is a time domain, more comprehending tool. The aerodynamic model is modified to handle dynamic inflow, dynamic stall, skew inflow, shear effects on the induction, and effects from large deflection. |
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ADAMS/WT | — | Mechanical Dynamics, Inc. under contract of NREL | BEM theory | Multibody dynamics | ADAMS/WT is replaced with FAST-to-ADAMS Preprocessor. A plug-in AdWiMo and AeroDyn with A2AD interface can also be integrated with multibody software ADAMS/solver to model and simulate. |
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Alcyone | — | Center for Renewable Energy Source & NTUA | BEM theory | FEM | National Technical University of Athens developed Alcyone (free wake) with free wake panel method, which also includes a simulator of turbulent wind fields, time domain aeroelastic analysis of the full wind turbine configuration, and postprocessing of loads for fatigue analysis. |
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TURBU | 2007 | ECN of the Netherlands | BEM theory | Multibody dynamics | It is a frequency domain, linearized aerohydroservoelastic code and the active aeroelastic control code. |
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DUWECD | 1986 | TU Delft | BEM theory | Multibody dynamics | In 1993 it was modified to model offshore wind turbine and later to include wave loads. |
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FAST | — | Oregon State University under contract of NREL | BEM theory | Modal approach | This tool has much less runtime. In 1996, NREL has modified FAST to use the AeroDyn subroutine package developed at the University of Utah to calculate the aerodynamic forces along the blade. |
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FLEX5 | — | DTU | BEM theory | Modal approach | It is time domain aeroelastic simulation tool and uses relatively fewer degree of freedom to model the turbine. |
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FLEXLAST | 1982 | Stork Product Engineering | BEM theory | Multibody dynamic | Since 1992 this code has been used as design and certification tool. |
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PHATAS | 1993 | ECN of the Netherlands | BEM theory | Multibody dynamic | To determine the nonlinear dynamic behavior and the corresponding loads of a horizontal-axis, wind turbine (both onshore and offshore) in time domain. |
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TWISTER | 1983 | Stentec B.V, The Netherlands | BEM theory | FEM | Initially it is used to be called FKA; since 1991, it supports scholastic wind field simulation. |
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VIDYN | 1983 | Teknikgruppen AB, Sollentuna, Sweden | BEM theory | Modal approach | It is started as part of the evaluation projects concerning two large, Swedish prototypes Maglarp and Nassuden. |
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