Review Article
Sleep, Hormones, and Circadian Rhythms throughout the Menstrual Cycle in Healthy Women and Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Table 1
The variation of sleep across the menstrual cycle.
| Authors [Reference] | Year | Sample size | Menstrual phases studied | Significant effect of menstrual phase | Significant effects in PMDD (versus NC) |
|
Parry et al. [45] | 1989 | healthy PMS | early-FP | In healthy and PMS: variation of stage 3 (min) and intermittent awakening across cycle | stage 2 (%) across cycle | late-FP | early-LP | REM (min, %) across cycle | late-LP |
|
Lee et al. [46] | 1990 | healthy | FP | none | SWS (%) at both phases |
symptomatic | LP | ↓ latency to stage 1 in LP |
|
Ito et al. [47] | 1993 | healthy | menses | SWS (min) during early-LP and late-LP | N/A | late-FP | early-LP | late-LP |
| Ishizuka et al. [48] | 1994 | healthy | 3 nights/week across full cycle | SFA during late-LP | N/A |
|
Driver et al. [49] | 1996 | healthy | menses | NREM (%) during LP | N/A | early-FP | mid-FP | stage 2 (%) during LP | late-FP | ovulation | REM (% NREM-REM cycle duration) during LP | early-LP | mid-LP | SFA during LP | late-LP |
|
Chuong et al. [50] | 1997 | healthy PMS | mid-FP | none | none | ovulation | mid-LP |
| Baker et al. [51] | 1999 | healthy | menses mid-FP mid-LP | REM (%) during mid-LP versus mid-FP latency to stage 3 during mid-LP versus menses | N/A |
| Parry et al. [52] | 1999 | healthy PMDD | mid-FPlate-LP | In healthy and PMDD: ROL, stage 3 (min and %), and REM (min) during late-LPIn healthy: stage 1 (min, %) during late-LP | none |
|
Shibui et al. [37] | 2000 | healthy | FP | number of SWS-containing naps during LP | N/A | LP |
|
Baker et al. [43] | 2001 | healthy | mid-FP | none | N/A | mid-LP |
|
Baker et al. [53] | 2002 | healthy | mid-FP | REM (%) during mid-LP | N/A | mid-LP | SWS (%) during mid-LP | Driver et al. [54] | 2005 | healthy | FPLP | stage 2 (%) during LP | N/A |
| Baker et al. [55] | 2007 | healthy PMS/PMDD | mid-FP late-LP | In healthy and PMS: WASO (min), microaraousals/hour, and SFA during late-LP | ROL (min) at both phases |
| Lamarche et al. [56] | 2007 | healthy PMS | FP late-LP | In healthy and PMS: stage 2 (%), SWS (%), and REM (%) during late-LP | none |
|
|
PMS: premenstrual syndrome; PMDD: premenstrual dysphoric disorder; FP: follicular phase; LP: luteal phase; REM: rapid eye movement sleep; ROL: REM onset latency; NREM: non-REM sleep; SWS: slow wave sleep; SFA: spindle frequency activity; WASO: wake after sleep onset.
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