Review Article
Magnesium and Human Health: Perspectives and Research Directions
Table 6
The most common genetic disorders causing hypomagnesemia.
| Disorder | Inheritance | Gene | Other features (other than hypomagnesemia) |
| Hypercalciuric hypomagnesemias | Hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis | FHHNC type 1 | AR | CLDN16 | Polyuria/polydipsia, elevated serum PTH, and renal failure | FHHNC type 2 | AR | CLDN19 | Besides FHHNC type 1 features, patient has ocular abnormalities | ADHH Bartter syndrome type 5 | AD | CASR | Hypocalcemia with normal or low PTH | Bartter syndrome type 3 (classical type) | AR | CLCNKB | Gitelman-like phenotype possible, rarely nephrocalcinosis |
| Gitelman-like hypomagnesemias | Hypocalciuria, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis | | | Gitelman syndrome | AR | SLC12A3 | Chondrocalcinosis at older age | ADTKD/RCAD | AD | HNF1B | Renal, genital, and pancreatic abnormalities |
| Mitochondrial hypomagnesemias | | KSS | Mt | Mitochondrial deletion | External ophthalmoplegia, retinopathy, and cardiac conduction defects |
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ADHH: autosomal dominant hypocalcemia with hypocalciuria; ADTKD: autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease; FHHNC: familial hypomagnesemia with hypocalcemia and nephrocalcinosis; RCAD: renal cysts and diabetes; KSS: Kearns-Sayre syndrome; AR: autosomal recessive; AD: autosomal dominant.
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