The Progress of Methylation Regulation in Gene Expression of Cervical Cancer

Table 1

DNA methylation of CIN or cervical cancer in recent studies.

Name of gene	Methylation status	Methylation-variable position	Function/relevant pathway	Reference	Notes
STK31	Hypomethylation	Promoter/exon 1	HPV oncogene-E6/E7	[20]	CIN III and CCA
COL17A1	Hypomethylation	Promoter	Collagen XVII	[21]	CCA
Ribosomal DNA	Hypomethylation	Promoter	rRNA synthesis	[22]	CIN II-III, CCA
EDN3 and EDNRB	Hypermethylation	Promoter	MAPK signal pathway MITF-Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway	[20, 23]
VIM	Hypermethylation	Promoter	Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and aggressiveness	[24]	Ib1 and IIa stages of CCA
AJAP1 and SOX17	Hypermethylation	Promoter	Wnt signal pathway	[25]
SFRP1 and SFRP4	Hypermethylation	Promoter	Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway	[25]
CDKN2A	Hypermethylation	Downstream region	p16(INK4A)/p14(ARF)	[26]	CIN and CCA
IFN-γ	Hypermethylation	Promoter	IFN-γ-cancer immunoediting	[27]	CIN II-III and CCA
SALL3	Hypermethylation	Promoter	hrHPV-induced immortalization and malignant transformation	[28]	HPV-infected
EPB41L3	Hypermethylation	Promoter	DAL-1 protein	[29]	CIN II-III
CADM1/MAL	Hypermethylation	Unmentioned	Lesion-specific	[30]	CIN II-III and CCA
PAX1	Hypermethylation	Promoter	Unclear yet	[32]	CIN and CCA
DAPK1	Hypermethylation	Promoter	Epithelial-mesenchymal transition	[34]	CIN III and CCA
Keap1	Hypermethylation	Promoter	NRF2	[35]	CCA
GPX3	Hypermethylation	Promoter	Repair oxidative damages and lymph node metastasis	[36]	CCA
LDOC1	Hypermethylation	Promoter	Nuclear transcription factor	[37]	CCA
RASSF	Hypermethylation	Promoter	Ras protein	[38, 42]	CCA or plasma of CCA
DOC2B	Hypermethylation	Promoter	AKT1 and ERK1/2 signal pathway	[40]	CIN and CCA
MEG3	Hypermethylation	Promoter	Proliferation and apoptosis	[41]	Plasma of CIN III and CCA