Design and Simulation of a PV System Operating in Grid-Connected and Stand-Alone Modes for Areas of Daily Grid Blackouts

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Mode #</td><td class="align_center">S1</td><td class="align_center">S2</td><td class="align_center">Description</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">1</td><td class="align_center">0</td><td class="align_center">0</td><td class="align_center">Grid cutoff, battery charging from the PV generator, load is supplied with power from the battery block.</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">2</td><td class="align_center">1</td><td class="align_center">0</td><td class="align_center">Grid available, load supplied directly from the grid.<br/>Battery state of charge is low, the battery block is charged at the same time from the PV generator and the grid.</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">3</td><td class="align_center">0</td><td class="align_center">1</td><td class="align_center">Grid available, battery charging from a PV generator and excess produced power injected into the grid and supplies the load.</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">4</td><td class="align_center">1</td><td class="align_center">1</td><td class="align_center">This state is not suitable to be used in this system (not allowed).</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="4"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Operating modes of the system.</div>

International Journal of Photoenergy

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Table 1

Table 1: Design and Simulation of a PV System Operating in Grid-Connected and Stand-Alone Modes for Areas of Daily Grid Blackouts 