Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials
Table 1
Introduction of various preparation methods of CNCs including major chemical reagents, typical conditions, yield, thermal stability, and some other advantages/disadvantages.
Choline chloride/Oxalic acid dihydrate = 1 : 1 (Molar ratios), at 100°C for 6 h, then Mechanical disintegration with microfluidizer [131].
78
300
DES is recoverable, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly. However, the reaction degree is low, so it needs follow-up mechanical treatment to get the CNCs products.
: the reference of typical conditions; : the details come from the reference of corresponding typical condition; : the max decomposition temperature, the details come from the reference of corresponding typical condition; : the reference of corresponding method of preparing CNCs.