Video conferencing between patient/doctor or doctor/doctor
4
Conversational research and education
Collaborative research/education tools involving conversational audio/video; virtual patient support groups involving conversational audio/video
3
Invasive real-time robotic services
Tele-surgery (transfer of robotic control data in one direction, and streaming images such as ultrasound or video in the other direction)
3
Non-invasive real-time robotic services
Portable ultrasound probe holder robotic system reproducing an expert's hand movements during an ultrasound examination
4
Emergency real-time tele- monitoring
Tele-monitoring of patient vital signs (e.g., streaming ECG data) in emergency situations
5
Non-emergency real-time tele-monitoring
Streaming of patient ultrasound images or video during routine check up
Streaming research and education
Education tools involving streaming media
5
2
Real-time EHR data access
Emergency medical personnel at accident/disaster site accessing a patient's EHR
Real-time tele-diagnosis
Transfer of medical images to remote location in emergency situations
Real-time messaging
Alarms sent to care givers indicating patient emergency
6
6
Non-real-time tele-diagnosis
Non-emergency remote diagnosis: transfer of medical images to a remote location where specialists analyze data and return a diagnostic report
Non-real time EHR data access/storage
Web-based end user (patient, doctor, additional health personnel) application for access to EHR during patient checkup
Non-real-time messaging
Automated patient alerts (e.g., reminder for check up, reminder to take medication)
7
7
Interactive research and education
Interactive surgical simulations; remote control of instruments
8
8
Non-real-time tele-monitoring
Tele-monitoring application for post-hospital home care of cardiovascular patients involving monitoring of vital signs and delivery to central hospital server
Interactive health information data exchange
Health portals: Web sites offering health related data
9
9
Noninteractive health information data retrieval
Distribution of diagnostic imaging textbooks
Administrative and financial transactions
Patient referrals; appointment scheduling; charging and billing applications
