Research Article
The Impact of Social Structures on Deviant Behaviors: The Study of 402 High Risk Street Drug Users in Iran
Table 2
Univariate logistic regression for assessing associations between drug use and related factors.
| | Variables | Cannabis
OR (95% CI) | Alcohol
OR (95% CI) | Opium
OR (95% CI) | Heroin
OR (95% CI) | Cocaine
OR (95% CI) | Sedative
OR (95% CI) |
| | Age | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 1.01 (0.99–1.01) | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) | 1.08 (0.92–1.05) | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) | | Sex | | | | | | | | Female | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | | Male | 1.61 (0.14–17.98) | 1.45 (0.13–16.10) | 9.55 (0.85–106.87) | 1.01 (0.09–11.26) | 1.71 (0.15–16.54) | 1.16 (0.10–13.00) | | Marital status | | | | | | | | Single | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | | Divorced | 2.07 (1.23–3.49) | 1.42 (0.85–2.39) | 0.81 (0.38–1.74) | 1.64 (0.98–2.75) | 6.35 (0.39–9.45) | 0.61 (0.11–3.38) | | Marriage | 1.34 (0.83–2.15) | 0.89 (0.55–1.44) | 1.10 (0.57–2.12) | 0.81 (0.48–1.38) | 1.03 (0.29–3.60) | 0.33 (0.07–1.49) | | Educational level | | | | | | | | Illiterate | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | | Primary/secondary school | 0.54 (0.25–1.14) | 0.53 (0.25–1.15) | 1.01 (0.39–2.59) | 0.29 (0.14–0.60) | 0.29 (0.14–0.60) | 0.54 (0.22–1.27) | | Diploma/academic | 0.40 (0.11–1.38) | 0.26 (0.07–0.94) | 1.20 (0.25–5.60) | 0.33 (0.09–1.18) | 0.33 (0.09–1.18) | 1.62 (0.29–8.92) | | History of imprisonment | | | | | | | | No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | | Yes | 2.12 (1.32–3.40) | 0.35 (0.21–0.58) | 0.87 (0.49–1.56) | 0.27 (0.17–0.44) | 1.00 (0.26–3.84) | 0.49 (0.28–0.84) | | Deviant network | | | | | | | | No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | | Yes | 0.88 (0.49–1.50) | 0.55 (0.49–1.57) | 1.10 (0.52–2.30) | 1.13 (0.61–2.10) | 0.48 (0.10–2.21) | 1.06 (0.54–1.85) | | Low social capital | | | | | | | | No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | | Yes | 0.85 (0.44–1.60) | 1.96 (0.99–3.86) | 0.38 (0.13–1.13) | 0.97 (0.48–1.96) | 1.45 (0.17–12.42) | 1.31 (0.64–2.65) | | Low social sources | | | | | | | | No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | | Yes | 1.53 (0.83–2.83) | 1.09 (0.60–1.99) | 0.83 (0.37–1.87) | 1.59 (0.85–2.96) | 1.93 (0.22–16.38) | 0.88 (0.47–1.64) | | Stress | | | | | | | | No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | | Yes | 0.87 (0.49–1.54) | 0.99 (0.56–1.75) | 1.69 (0.84–3.40) | 0.60 (0.31–1.15) | 1.06 (0.19–5.31) | 0.86 (0.47–1.55) |
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Odds ratio.
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