Review Article
Is Long-Term Benzodiazepine Use a Risk Factor for Cognitive Decline? Results of a Systematic Review
Table 2
Study attributes, subject characteristics, pattern of benzodiazepine use, and risk of bias score of the studies.
| Study | Country recruitment | Participants (N) | Age (years) | Men (%) | Chronic BZD users (n/%) | Frequency and duration of BZD use | Total % risk of bias score |
| Dealberto et al. [18] | USA, random selection | 1200 | 65–84 (97%) | 34 | 31/2.5% | Frequency unclear 6 years | 54.5 | Hanlon et al. [19] | USA, random selection | 2765 | 65–105 | 36 | 168/6.0% | Regular or as needed use 3 years | 54.5 | Paterniti et al. [20] | France, electoral rolls | 1176 | 60–70 | 41 | 80/6.8% | Regular use 4 years | 54.5 | Allard et al. [21] | France, regional GP network | 372 | 76 (mean) | ND | 27/7.2% | Frequency unclear 3 years | 36.3 | Bierman et al. [10] | The Netherlands, random selection | 1351 | 62–85 | 47 | 37/2.7% | Regular use 9 years | 63.3 | van Vliet et al. [22] | The Netherlands, all the town inhabitants | 486 | 85 | 33 | 140/28.8% | Daily use 1 year | 54.5 | Puustinen et al. [23] | Finland, all the town inhabitants | 565 | 64–89 | 40 | 84/14.8% | Regular or irregular use 6 years | 54.5 | Boeuf-Cazou et al. [24] | France, random selection | 1019 | 32–62 | 52 | 76/7.4% | Frequency unclear 1 year | 63.3 | Desplenter et al. [25] | Finland, random selection | 449 | 81 (mean) | 31 | 139/30.9% | Regular or as needed use 1 year | 54.5 | Gallacher et al. [26] | Wales, random selection | 1134 | 45–64 | 100 | 103/9.0% | Regular use 4 years | 63.3 | Mura et al. [7] | France, all the town inhabitants | 5195 | 73 (mean) | 40 | 969/18.6% | At least once a week use 2 years | 63.3 | Gray et al. [27] | USA, random selection | 3434 | 70–80 | 40 | 267/7.7% | Daily use 1 year (median) | 63.3 | Chung et al. [28] | USA, Canada, databases | 30 | 55–90 | 26 | 15/50.0% | Frequency unclear 6.4 years (mean) | 72.7 | Zhang et al. [29] | USA, databases | 5423 | 73 (mean) | 34 | 177/3.2% | Frequency unclear 3 years | 54.5 |
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BZD = benzodiazepine; GP = general practitioner. Participants who completed the follow-up. |