A Green Preconcentration Method for Determination of Cobalt and Lead in Fresh Surface and Waste Water Samples Prior to Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Table 5

Comparative table for determination of cobalt and lead in different types of samples applying CPE before analysis by atomic spectrometric technique.

Reagent and surfactant	Matrix and technique	PF^a and EF^b	LOD^c(𝜇g L^−1)	Reference
Cobalt
TAN/Triton X-114	Water/(FAAS)	—/57^b	0.24	[25]
PAN/TX-100	Water samples/(GFAAS)	—/100^b	0.003	[31]
PAN/TX-114	Urine/(FAAS)	—/115^b	0.38	[32]
5-Br-PADAP/TX-100-SDS	Pharmaceutical samples/(FAAS)	—/29^b	1.1	[14]
TAN/Triton X-100	Water/(GFAAS)	—/100^b	0.003	[33]
APDC/Triton X-114	Biological tissues/(TS-FF-FAAS)	—/130^b	2.1	[34]
APDC/Triton X-114	Water/(FAAS)	—/20^b	5.0	[23]
1,2-N,N /PONPE 7.5	Water sample/(FAAS)	—/27^b	1.22	[35]
Me-BTABr/Triton X-114	Water sample/(FAAS)	—/28^b	0.9	[36]
Oxine/Triton X-114	Water sample/(FAAS)	50/50	0.44	Present work
Lead
DDTP/Triton X-114	Human hair/(FAAS)	—/43^b	2.86	[28]
PONPE 7.5/—	Human saliva/(FAAS)	—/10^b	—	[37]
APDC/Triton X-114	Certified biological reference materials/(ETAAS)	—/22.5^b	0.04^c/—	[24]
DDTP/Triton X-114	Certified blood reference samples/(ETAAS)	—/34^b	0.08	[38]
PONPE 7.5/—	Tap water certified reference material/(ICP-OES)	—/>300^b	0.07	[39]
DDTP/Triton X-114	Riverine and sea water enriched water reference materials/(ICP-MS)	—/—	40.0	[40]
5-Br-PADAP/Triton X-114	Water/(GFAAS)	50^a/—	0.08^c/—	[41]
PAN/Triton X-114	Water/(FAAS)	—/55.6^b	1.1	[27]
—/Tween 80	Environmental sample/FAAS	10^a/—	7.2	[42]
TAN/Triton X-114	Water sample/(FAAS)	15.1^a/—	4.5	[43]
Pyrogallol/Triton X-114	Water sample/(FAAS)	72^a/—	0.4	[44]
Oxine/Triton X-114	Water sample/(FAAS)	50/70	0.26	Present work

^apreconcentration factor, ^benhancement factor, and ^climit of detection.